肩关节前脱位占肩关节脱位的95以上%,是最常见的大关节脱位。[4]Yeap JS, Lee DJ, Fazir M, et al. The epidemiology of shoulder dislocations in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia. 2004 Dec;59 Suppl F:19-23.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15941156?tool=bestpractice.com 肩关节后脱位发生率约为2%-4%,肩关节下方脱位(直举性肱骨脱位)发生率约为5%。 肩关节脱位发生率呈双峰,第一锋好发于21-30岁男性,第二峰在61-80岁女性。[5]Krøner K, Lind T, Jensen J. The epidemiology of shoulder dislocations. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1989;108(5):288-90.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2789505?tool=bestpractice.com 美国及丹麦的研究发现,男性比女性好发,总的人群发生率为11-17/10万人。[5]Krøner K, Lind T, Jensen J. The epidemiology of shoulder dislocations. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1989;108(5):288-90.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2789505?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Simonet WT, Melton LJ 3rd, Cofield RH, et al. Incidence of anterior shoulder dislocation in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984 Jun;(186):186-91.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6723141?tool=bestpractice.com 苏格兰的一项研究发现肩关节后方骨折-脱位的发生率为0.6/10万人。[7]Robinson CM, Akhtar A, Mitchell M, et al. Complex posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder. Epidemiology, injury patterns, and results of operative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007 Jul;89(7):1454-66.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17606784?tool=bestpractice.com
在美国,手部骨折或骨折脱位占急诊就诊人数的2%-28%。 多见于10-40岁男性,其中只有2/3患者于伤后24小时内就诊。[8]Inoue G, Maeda N. Irreducible palmar dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the finger. J Hand Surg Am. 1990 Mar;15(2):301-4.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2324462?tool=bestpractice.com
一项关于德国军人的研究发现,急性关节脱位创伤性初次髌骨脱位的年发生率约为77/10万人。[9]Sperner G, Benedetto KP, Glötzer W. Pathology, diagnosis and therapy of patellar dislocation [in German]. Sportverletz Sportschaden. 1990 Jun;4(2):69-72.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2382203?tool=bestpractice.com 青少年人群中髌骨脱位常与体育运动有关。[10]Dimentberg RA. Intra-articular dislocation of the patella: case report and literature review. Clin J Sport Med. 1997 Apr;7(2):126-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9113429?tool=bestpractice.com 非运动员人群中,髌骨脱位在10-17岁女性多发, 且常有髌骨不稳定病史或多次脱位史。[11]Fithian DC, Paxton EW, Stone ML, et al. Epidemiology and natural history of acute patellar dislocation. Am J Sports Med. 2004 Jul-Aug;32(5):1114-21.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15262631?tool=bestpractice.com 此外,髌骨不稳定或复发性脱位的患者常对侧发病。[12]Palmu S, Kallio PE, Donell ST, et al. Acute patellar dislocation in children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Mar;90(3):463-70.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18310694?tool=bestpractice.com
美国、瑞典和德国的研究发现,肘关节脱位每年发生率为6-8/10万人。[13]Josefsson PO, Nilsson BE. Incidence of elbow dislocation. Acta Orthop Scand. 1986 Dec;57(6):537-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3577725?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Plancher KD, Lucas TS. Fracture dislocations of the elbow in athletes. Clin Sports Med. 2001 Jan;20(1):59-76.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11227709?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Kälicke T, Muhr G, Frangen TM. Dislocation of the elbow with fractures of the coronoid process and radial head. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2007 Dec;127(10):925-31.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17713772?tool=bestpractice.com 约50%为运动伤,20%-50%合并骨折。男性、女性发病率相当。大多数(80%-90%)为肘关节后脱位或后外侧脱位。[16]Habermeyer P, Jung D, Ebert T. Treatment strategy in first traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Plea for a multi-stage concept of preventive initial management [in German]. Unfallchirurg. 1998 May;101(5):328-41.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9629045?tool=bestpractice.com 髋关节脱位是高能量损伤,相对少见。[3]Sanders S, Tejwani N, Egol KA. Traumatic hip dislocation - a review. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis. 2010;68(2):91-6.http://hjdbulletin.org/files/archive/pdfs/281.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20632983?tool=bestpractice.com 全髋关节置换复位后脱位常为低能量损伤,常是由于患者过度屈髋及内旋所致。