恶唑烷酮类
包括利奈唑胺。最近的临床研究中，大部分接受含利奈唑胺方案的MDR-TB患者得到治愈。然而，利奈唑胺的临床应用因其长期使用所带来的毒性反应如贫血和神经病变而受到限制。[83]Lee M, Lee J, Carroll MW, et al. Linezolid for treatment of chronic extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1508-1518.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1201964#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23075177?tool=bestpractice.com此类药物还包含其他成员目前在研发中。[84]Fortún J, Martín-Dávila P, Navas E, et al. Linezolid for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;56:180-185.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15911549?tool=bestpractice.com[85]Sood R, Rao M, Singhal S, et al. Activity of RBx 7644 and RBx 8700, new investigational oxaxolidinones, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected urine macrophages. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2005;25:464-468.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15885988?tool=bestpractice.com
二芳基喹啉
贝达喹啉是一种二芳基喹啉类抗结核药物，它于 2012 年通过美国食品药品监督管理局的批准，并被欧洲药品管理局有条件地批准用于耐多药肺结核的治疗。其也可以用于MDR肺外结核的治疗。[86]Diacon AH, Pym A, Grobusch M, et al. The diarylquinoline TMC207 for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:2397-2405.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0808427#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494215?tool=bestpractice.com贝达喹啉应当在临床专家的指导下使用。[87]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Provisional CDC guidelines for the use and safety monitoring of bedaquiline fumarate (Sirturo) for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013;62:1-12 (erratum in: MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013;62:906).http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6209a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24157696?tool=bestpractice.com
