不同国家的流行病学数据不同。人们认为 FSGS 在世界范围内是成人肾病综合征的首位病因,>15 岁的人群中的估计患病率为 20-30%,>60 岁人群中为 30-35%。[1]Kanjanabuch T, Lewsuwan S, Kitiyakara C, et al. Update in pathophysiology and histopathology of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. J Med Assoc Thai. 2006;89(suppl 2):S262-S279.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17044482?tool=bestpractice.com
1980 年到 2000 年,美国的 FSGS 年发病率从 0.2% 上升到 2.3%。[11]Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB. Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;44:815-825.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15492947?tool=bestpractice.com终末期肾衰竭患者的注册研究提供了最佳的发病率估计数据。据估计,黑人 FSGS 发病率为每百万人口 30 到 40 例,白人为每百万人口 5 例。[12]Hogg R, Middleton J, Vehaskari VM. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: epidemiology aspects in children and adults. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007;22:183-186.http://www.springerlink.com/content/t6124598358h0278/fulltext.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17151873?tool=bestpractice.com
黑人比白人或亚裔人群由 FSGS 导致终末期肾功能衰竭的风险高 4-7 倍。[11]Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB. Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;44:815-825.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15492947?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Freedman BI, Hicks PJ, Bostrom MA, et al. Polymorphisms in the non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene (MYH9) are strongly associated with end-stage renal disease historically attributed to hypertension in African Americans. Kidney Int. 2009;75:736-745.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19177153?tool=bestpractice.com黑人人群发病高峰年龄为 40-49 岁,白人和亚裔人群为 70-79 岁。
男性比女性风险高1.5~2倍。[11]Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB. Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;44:815-825.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15492947?tool=bestpractice.com
原发性(特发性)FSGS 比继发性 FSGS 更常见,是在美国引起终末期肾衰竭的最常见原发性肾小球疾病。[14]Haas M, Meehan SM, Karrison TG, et al. Changing etiologies of unexplained adult nephrotic syndrome: a comparison of renal biopsy findings from 1976-1979 and 1995-1997. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997;30:621-631.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9370176?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB. Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;44:815-825.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15492947?tool=bestpractice.com