对乙酰氨基酚在许多非处方医嘱中可单独或与其他药物联合使用。许多品牌药物含有不同剂量的对乙酰氨基酚,可导致意外过量。临床上,急诊患者过量使用非处方镇痛药的比例很高,其中牙痛作为危险因素尤其明显。[8]Daly FF, O'Malley GF, Heard K, et al. Prospective evaluation of repeated supratherapeutic acetaminophen (paracetamol) ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Oct;44(4):393-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459622?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Heard K, Sloss D, Weber S, et al. Overuse of over-the-counter analgesics by emergency department patients. Ann Emerg Med. 2006 Sep;48(3):315-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16934651?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Vogel J, Heard KJ, Carlson C, et al. Dental pain as a risk factor for accidental acetaminophen overdose: a case-control study. Am J Emerg Med. 2011 Nov;29(9):1125-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20951526?tool=bestpractice.com
回顾性研究显示,频繁或反复摄入超治疗剂量的止痛药的患者,其严重肝中毒的发生率不成比例,且死亡率最高。[16]Bond GR, Hite LK. Population-based incidence and outcome of acetaminophen poisoning by type of ingestion. Acad Emerg Med. 1999 Nov;6(11):1115-20.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10569383?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Makin AJ, Wendon J, Williams R. A 7-year experience of severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity (1987-1993). Gastroenterology. 1995 Dec;109(6):1907-16.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7498656?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Schiødt FV, Rochling FA, Casey DL, et al. Acetaminophen toxicity in an urban county hospital. N Engl J Med. 1997 Oct 16;337(16):1112-7.https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199710163371602http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9329933?tool=bestpractice.com