该感染在大多数国家均有报道,但新西兰尚无病例报道。[6]Parker NR, Barralet JH, Bell AM. Q fever. Lancet. 2006;367:679-688.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16503466?tool=bestpractice.com
法国南部和西班牙发病率最高。[20]Raoult D, Tissot-Dupont H, Foucault C, et al. Q fever 1985-1998: clinical and epidemiologic features of 1,383 infections. Medicine. 2000;79:109-123.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10771709?tool=bestpractice.com[21]Tissot-Dupont H, Raoult D, Brouqui P, et al. Epidemiologic features and clinical presentation of acute Q fever in hospitalized patients: 323 French cases. Am J Med. 1992;93:427-434.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1415306?tool=bestpractice.com[22]Houpikian P, Habib G, Mesana T, et al. Changing clinical presentation of Q fever endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34:e28-e31.http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/34/5/e28.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11807685?tool=bestpractice.com[23]Lepe JA, Guerrero FJ, Ruiz-Calderon A, et al. The epidemiology of Q fever in the northern area of Huelva, Spain. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 1999;17:65-68.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10193064?tool=bestpractice.com该疾病在春季和初夏时频发。
该疾病在澳大利亚流行与畜牧业和屠宰场密切相关。[6]Parker NR, Barralet JH, Bell AM. Q fever. Lancet. 2006;367:679-688.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16503466?tool=bestpractice.com[24]Gidding HF, Wallace C, Lawrence GL, et al. Australia's national Q fever vaccination program. Vaccine. 2009;27:2037-2041.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19428827?tool=bestpractice.com
在美国,中西部的发病率高,但加利福尼亚州报告的病例总数最多。[25]Karakousis PC, Trucksis M, Dumler JS. Chronic Q fever in the United States. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:2283-2287.http://jcm.asm.org/content/44/6/2283.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16757641?tool=bestpractice.com
据记载,迄今为止最大的爆发于 2007 至 2009 年之间发生于荷兰,报告了 4,000 多例。[26]Limonard GJ, Peters JB, Nabuurs-Franssen MH, et al. Detailed analysis of health status of Q fever patients 1 year after the first Dutch outbreak: a case-control study. QJM. 2010;103:953-958.http://qjmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/103/12/953.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20802011?tool=bestpractice.com[27]Morroy G, Peters JB, van Nieuwenhof M, et al. The health status of Q-fever patients after long-term follow-up. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:97.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110112/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501483?tool=bestpractice.com[28]Van Steenbergen JE, Morroy G, Groot CA, et al. An outbreak of Q fever in The Netherlands - possible link to goats. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2007;151:1998-2003.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17953175?tool=bestpractice.com[29]Klaassen CH, Nabuurs-Franssen MH, Tilburg JJ, et al. Multigenotype Q fever outbreak, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:613-614.http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/15/4/08-1612_article.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19331749?tool=bestpractice.com[30]Voelker R. Risk of exposure to Q fever pathogen boosted by travel in Iraq or Netherlands. JAMA. 2010;303:2345.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551401?tool=bestpractice.com爆发主要局限于该国南部,奶山羊被认为是传染源。
在以色列和台湾地区也有病例报告。[32]Ergas D, Keysari A, Edelstein V, et al. Acute Q fever in Israel: clinical and laboratory study of 100 hospitalized patients. Isr Med Assoc J. 2006;8:337-341.http://www.ima.org.il/FilesUpload/IMAJ/0/48/24106.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16805234?tool=bestpractice.com[33]Lai CH, Huang CK, Chin C. Acute Q fever: an emerging and endemic disease in southern Taiwan. Scand J Infect Dis. 2008;40:105-110.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17852909?tool=bestpractice.com
在流行地区的居民存在不直接接触动物宿主而感染的风险。暴露于污染的秸秆、粪便、农场的扬尘与该疾病的暴发有关。[50]Centers for Disease Control. Q fever outbreak - Switzerland. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1984;33:355-356,361.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000362.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6427585?tool=bestpractice.com