在冈比亚型人类非洲锥虫病 (HAT) 病例已知的地区中，应对人群实施主动筛查，并且由专业机动团队结合使用免疫学和寄生虫学试验进行。
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 由专业机动团队进行针对冈比亚锥虫病的主动筛查图片由 Dr P.P. Simarro 提供 [Citation ends].
应尽早对冈比亚锥虫病病例进行诊断，以防止人类非洲锥虫病的潜在致命进展，并控制这种疾病（以人为宿主）。由于慢性特征和相对较轻的症状，早期冈比亚锥虫型人类非洲锥虫病可能不会被察觉。由于疾病的急性特征、缺乏简单易行的血清学试验以及主要宿主为动物，针对罗得西亚锥虫型人类非洲锥虫病的主动筛查被认为有效性不高。
使用高敏感性的锥虫病卡片凝集试验 (card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis, CATT) 在血液中进行冈比亚锥虫特异性抗体检测，随后结合高特异性的确诊性寄生虫学检查来完成人群筛查。根据实际病例环境，选择使用不同的检测流程（采用不同的锥虫病卡片凝集试验临界值，并结合使用寄生虫学试验等）。[2]World Health Organization. Control and surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis. Technical Report Series 984. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2013.http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/95732/1/9789241209847_eng.pdf?ua=1[3]Chappuis F, Loutan L, Simarro P, et al. Options for the field diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005 Jan;18(1):133-46.http://cmr.asm.org/content/18/1/133.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653823?tool=bestpractice.com[58]Inojosa WO, Augusto I, Bisoffi Z, et al. Diagnosing human African trypanosomiasis in Angola using card agglutination test: observational study of active and passive case finding strategies. BMJ. 2006;332:1479-1483.http://www.bmj.com/content/332/7556/1479.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16777858?tool=bestpractice.com[128]Louis FJ, Kohange Tongue L, Ebo'O Eyenga V, et al. Organizing an active screening campaign for human African trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense [in French]. Med Trop. 2008 Feb;68(1):11-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18478763?tool=bestpractice.com[129]Checchi F, Chappuis F, Karunakara U, et al. Accuracy of five algorithms to diagnose gambiense human African trypanosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Jul;5(7):e1233.http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001233http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21750745?tool=bestpractice.com 单项快速血清学诊断试验现在可用于被动病例检测中。[51]Büscher P, Mertens P, Leclipteux T, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of HAT Sero-K-SeT, a rapid diagnostic test for serodiagnosis of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: a case-control study. Lancet Glob Health. 2014 Jun;2(6):e359-63.http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(14)70203-7/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25103304?tool=bestpractice.com[52]Bisser S, Lumbala C, Nguertoum E, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of a prototype rapid diagnostic test for the detection of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection: a multi-centric prospective study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Apr 8;10(4):e0004608.http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0004608http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27058033?tool=bestpractice.com 但凡检测结果呈阳性，还须进行寄生虫学检查，以确认感染。
日益增加的主动监查致使 1997-2013 年报告的冈比亚型人类非洲锥虫病新发病例数下降了 83%（从 36,585 降至 6228）。[4]Simarro PP, Jannin J, Cattand P. Eliminating human African trypanosomiasis: where do we stand and what comes next? PLoS Med. 2008 Feb;5(2):e55.http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050055http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18303943?tool=bestpractice.com[130]Franco JR, Simarro PP, Diarra A, et al. The journey towards elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: not far, nor easy. Parasitology. 2014 May;141(6):748-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24709291?tool=bestpractice.com[131]Franco JR, Simarro PP, Diarra A, et al. Epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis. Clin Epidemiol. 2014 Aug 6;6:257-75.http://www.dovepress.com/epidemiology-of-human-african-trypanosomiasis-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CLEPhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25125985?tool=bestpractice.com 反复进行大规模血清学筛查，随后配以有效治疗，可在短期内减少疾病传播。[132]Van Nieuwenhove S, Kande Betu-Ku-Mesu V, Mansinsa Diabakana P, et al. Sleeping sickness resurgence in the DRC: the past decade. Trop Med Int Health. 2001 May;6(5):335-41.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00731.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11348528?tool=bestpractice.com
世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的目标是在目前取得进展的情况下，到 2020 年根除 HAT 这一公共健康问题。[11]World Health Organization. WHO outlines criteria to assess elimination of sleeping sickness. July 2018 [internet publication].http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/news/criteria-eliminate-sleeping-sickness/en/
