对已接受治疗的结肠癌和直肠癌患者的随访类似。随访的目的是监测治疗相关性并发症情况，检测原发部位的复发情况，检测和切除异时性结直肠息肉，以及监测患者的潜在可切除性转移。
美国国家综合癌症网指南建议患者在治疗结束后的前 2 年内，每隔 3-6 个月进行一次临床评估，而在之后的 3 年内，每年进行一次临床评估。[185]National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology: rectal cancer. 2017. http://www.nccn.org (last accessed 19 July 2017).[215]National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology: colon cancer. 2017. http://www.nccn.org (last accessed 19 July 2017).[216]Meyerhardt JA, Mangu PB, Flynn PJ, et al; American Society of Clinical Oncology. Follow-up care, surveillance protocol, and secondary prevention measures for survivors of colorectal cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline endorsement. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:4465-4470.http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/31/35/4465.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24220554?tool=bestpractice.com[217]Glynne-Jones L, Wyrwicz E, Tiret G, et al. Rectal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(suppl 4):iv22-iv40.http://www.esmo.org/Guidelines/Gastrointestinal-Cancers/Rectal-Cancer[218]Primrose JN, Perera R, Gray A, et al; FACS Trial Investigators. Effect of 3 to 5 years of scheduled CEA and CT follow-up to detect recurrence of colorectal cancer: the FACS randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;311:263-270.http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1814213http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24430319?tool=bestpractice.com 对于 I 期癌症，术后 1 年应进行结肠镜检查，并于术后第 3 年和第 5 年再次复查。对于 II 期和 III 期癌症，建议结合病史和体格检查、癌胚抗原、CT 成像和结肠镜以不同时间间隔对患者进行检查。[185]National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology: rectal cancer. 2017. http://www.nccn.org (last accessed 19 July 2017).[215]National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology: colon cancer. 2017. http://www.nccn.org (last accessed 19 July 2017).[216]Meyerhardt JA, Mangu PB, Flynn PJ, et al; American Society of Clinical Oncology. Follow-up care, surveillance protocol, and secondary prevention measures for survivors of colorectal cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline endorsement. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:4465-4470.http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/31/35/4465.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24220554?tool=bestpractice.com[217]Glynne-Jones L, Wyrwicz E, Tiret G, et al. Rectal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(suppl 4):iv22-iv40.http://www.esmo.org/Guidelines/Gastrointestinal-Cancers/Rectal-Cancer[218]Primrose JN, Perera R, Gray A, et al; FACS Trial Investigators. Effect of 3 to 5 years of scheduled CEA and CT follow-up to detect recurrence of colorectal cancer: the FACS randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;311:263-270.http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1814213http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24430319?tool=bestpractice.com
