蜱虫暴露后单剂量多西环素预防性治疗可用于满足下述所有情况的有确定蜱虫暴露的患者:[2]Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED, et al. The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Nov 1;43(9):1089-134.http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/43/9/1089.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17029130?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Hayes EB, Piesman J. How can we prevent Lyme disease? N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 12;348(24):2424-30.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12802029?tool=bestpractice.com[38]Lathrop SL, Ball R, Haber P, et al. Adverse event reports following vaccination for Lyme disease: December 1998-July 2000. Vaccine. 2002 Feb 22;20(11-12):1603-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11858868?tool=bestpractice.com[39]Nadelman RB, Nowakowski J, Fish D, et al; Tick Bite Study Group. Prophylaxis with single-dose doxycycline for the prevention of Lyme disease after an Ixodes scapularis tick bite. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jul 12;345(2):79-84.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200107123450201#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11450675?tool=bestpractice.com
吸饱血的肩突硬蜱已经叮咬至少约 36 个小时才被清除掉。
应在清除蜱虫 72 小时内开始预防性治疗。
当地蜱虫的伯氏疏螺旋体感染率在 20% 以上。
无多西环素禁忌证。禁忌证包括年龄<8 岁的儿童(在某些国家/地区)、妊娠期或哺乳期;在英国,不推荐年龄<12 岁的儿童使用多西环素。在美国,美国儿科学会 (American Academy of Pediatrics, AAP) 认可年龄<8 岁的儿童短期应用(<21 天)多西环素治疗莱姆病。[25]American Academy of Pediatrics. Lyme disease. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, eds. Red Book: 2018 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 31st ed. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2018: 515-23.[26]American Academy of Pediatrics. Tetracyclines. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, eds. Red Book: 2018 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 31st ed. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2018: 905-6.
不存在人与人之间的传播。[2]Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED, et al. The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Nov 1;43(9):1089-134.http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/43/9/1089.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17029130?tool=bestpractice.com 除了具有普遍适用的标准预防措施,没有控制院内感染所需的特殊措施。CDC: Lyme diseaseCDC: tickborne diseases