吸烟通过若干机制影响椎间盘。 尼古丁介导的血管收缩可导致缺血,从而影响椎间盘的营养物质交换。[44]Vo N, Wang D, Sowa G, et al. Differential effects of nicotine and tobacco smoke condensate on human annulus fibrosus cell metabolism. J Orthop Res. 2011 Oct;29(10):1585-91.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21448984?tool=bestpractice.com 一氧化碳血红蛋白诱导的缺氧可导致椎间盘营养不良发生。[45]Akmal M, Kesani A, Anand B, et al. Effect of nicotine on spinal disc cells: a cellular mechanism for disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 Mar 1;29(5):568-75.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15129075?tool=bestpractice.com 吸烟后的浓缩物直接影响纤维环细胞的代谢。
实验证实炎性反应,细胞凋亡以及金属蛋白酶基因表达衰减导致基质合成及结构基因表达的减少。[44]Vo N, Wang D, Sowa G, et al. Differential effects of nicotine and tobacco smoke condensate on human annulus fibrosus cell metabolism. J Orthop Res. 2011 Oct;29(10):1585-91.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21448984?tool=bestpractice.com[46]Fogelholm RR, Alho AV. Smoking and intervertebral disc degeneration. Med Hypotheses. 2001 Apr;56(4):537-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339862?tool=bestpractice.com 椎间盘大分子错误合成以及椎间盘金属蛋白酶与其抑制因子失衡将导致无血管分布的椎间盘异常血管化。[46]Fogelholm RR, Alho AV. Smoking and intervertebral disc degeneration. Med Hypotheses. 2001 Apr;56(4):537-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11339862?tool=bestpractice.com 被动吸烟会出现先于组织学改变的基因表达改变。[47]Uei H, Matsuzaki H, Oda H, et al. Gene expression changes in an early stage of intervertebral disc degeneration induced by passive cigarette smoking. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Mar 1;31(5):510-4.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16508543?tool=bestpractice.com 瑞典脊柱登记的临床结果证实吸烟患者的手术结果不佳,包括身体状态不佳,更多地应用镇痛药物以及融合失败。[48]Sandén B, Försth P, Michaëlsson K. Smokers show less improvement than non-smokers two years after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: a study of 4555 patients from the Swedish Spine Registry. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Jun;36(13):1059-64.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21224770?tool=bestpractice.com