由于癫痫分类和研究人群的年龄范围不同,很难确定各种类型的癫痫发作的流行病学数据。基于以前的流行病学研究,据估计,在美国每年有 4000 名儿童(小于 18 岁)被诊断为失神性癫痫,1500 名儿童被诊断为青少年肌阵挛性癫痫 (juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, JME)。[8]Hauser WA. The prevalence and incidence of convulsive disorders in children. Epilepsia. 1994;35(suppl 2):S1-S6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8275976?tool=bestpractice.com
根据癫痫综合征新的分类进行的最近研究有以下发现:
儿童失神性癫痫 (childhood absence epilepsy, CAE):[2]Wylie E, ed. The treatment of epilepsy: principles & practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006:305-332, 391-440.[9]Joensen P. Prevalence, incidence, and classification of epilepsy in the Faroes. Acta Neurol Scand. 1986;74:150-155.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3776461?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Blom S, Heijbel J, Bergfors PG. Incidence of epilepsy in children: a follow-up study three years after the first seizure. Epilepsia. 1978;19:343-350.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/100316?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Sidenvall R, Forsgren L, Blomquist HK, et al. A community-based prospective incidence study of epileptic seizures in children. Acta Paediatr. 1993;82:60-65.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8453224?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Granieri E, Rosati G, Tola R, et al. A descriptive study of epilepsy in the district of Copparo, Italy, 1964-1978. Epilepsia. 1983;24:502-514.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6873007?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Waaler PE, Blom BH, Skeidsvoll H, et al. Prevalence, classification, and severity of epilepsy in children in western Norway. Epilepsia. 2000;41:802-810.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10897150?tool=bestpractice.com
一般人群的发病率为每 100,000 人中有 0.7 至 8 例。
患病率为每 1000 人中有 0.1 至 0.7 例
年龄:年龄为 2 至 9 岁的患者中患病率最高
性别:一般而言,CAE 的男女比例平均是 1:2 至 5。
青少年失神性癫痫 (juvenile absence epilepsy, JAE):[2]Wylie E, ed. The treatment of epilepsy: principles & practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006:305-332, 391-440.[11]Sidenvall R, Forsgren L, Blomquist HK, et al. A community-based prospective incidence study of epileptic seizures in children. Acta Paediatr. 1993;82:60-65.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8453224?tool=bestpractice.com
青少年肌阵挛性癫痫 (juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, JME):[9]Joensen P. Prevalence, incidence, and classification of epilepsy in the Faroes. Acta Neurol Scand. 1986;74:150-155.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3776461?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Sidenvall R, Forsgren L, Blomquist HK, et al. A community-based prospective incidence study of epileptic seizures in children. Acta Paediatr. 1993;82:60-65.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8453224?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Loiseau J, Loiseau P, Guyot M, et al. Survey of seizure disorders in the French southwest. I. Incidence of epileptic syndromes. Epilepsia. 1990;31:391-396.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2369875?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Delgado-Escueta AV, Enrile-Bacsal F. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy of Janz. Neurology. 1984;34:285-294.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6422321?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Mullins GM, O'Sullivan SS, Neligan A, et al. A study of idiopathic generalised epilepsy in an Irish population. Seizure. 2007;16:204-210.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17223580?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Jallon P, Latour P. Epidemiology of idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Epilepsia. 2005;46(suppl 9):S10-S14.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16302871?tool=bestpractice.com
Lennox-Gastaut 综合征:[7]Bureau M, Tassinari CA. Epilepsy with myoclonic absences. Brain Dev. 2005;27:178-184.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15737698?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Rantala H, Putkonen T. Occurrence, outcome, and prognostic factors of infantile spasms and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Epilepsia. 1999;40:286-289.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10080506?tool=bestpractice.com[19]Trevathan E, Murphy CC, Yeargin-Allsopp M. Prevalence and descriptive epidemiology of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome among Atlanta children. Epilepsia. 1997;38:1283-1288.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9578523?tool=bestpractice.com
肌阵挛性失神性癫痫:[7]Bureau M, Tassinari CA. Epilepsy with myoclonic absences. Brain Dev. 2005;27:178-184.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15737698?tool=bestpractice.com
可用的发病率数据极少。一项研究发现,在法国马赛圣保罗中心观察的癫痫中,此病占到 0.5% 至 1% ,其中 70% 为男性。另外一项研究发现,西班牙纳瓦拉的儿童中此病的发病率为 2.6%。[20]Durá-Travé T, Yoldi-Petri ME, Gallinas-Victoriano F. Incidence of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes among children in Navarre, Spain: 2002 through 2005. J Child Neurol. 2008;23:878-882.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18660472?tool=bestpractice.com