Sendi P, Bregenzer T, Zimmerli W. Spinal epidural abscess in clinical practice. QJM. 2008;101:1-12.
Nussbaum ES, Rigamonti D, Standiford H, et al. Spinal epidural abscess: a report of 40 cases and review. Surg Neurol. 1992;38:225-231.
Pradilla G, Ardila GP, Hsu W, et al. Epidural abscesses of the CNS. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:292-300.
Suppiah S, Meng Y, Fehlings MG, et al. How best to manage the spinal epidural abscess? A current systematic review. World Neurosurg. 2016;93:20-28.
1. Curry WT Jr, Hoh BL, Amin-Hanjani S, et al. Spinal epidural abscess: clinical presentation, management, and outcome. Surg Neurol. 2005;63:364-371.
2. Ju KL, Kim SD, Melikian R, et al. Predicting patients with concurrent noncontiguous spinal epidural abscess lesions. Spine J. 2015;15:95-101.
3. Du Pen SL, Peterson DG, Williams A, et al. Infection during chronic epidural catheterization: diagnosis and treatment. Anesthesiology. 1990;73:905-909.
4. Osborne L, Snyder M, Villecco D, et al. Evidence-based anesthesia: fever of unknown origin in parturients and neuraxial anesthesia. AANA J. 2008;76:221-226.
5. Sendi P, Bregenzer T, Zimmerli W. Spinal epidural abscess in clinical practice. QJM. 2008;101:1-12.
6. Nussbaum ES, Rigamonti D, Standiford H, et al. Spinal epidural abscess: a report of 40 cases and review. Surg Neurol. 1992;38:225-231.
7. Reihsaus E, Waldbaur H, Seeling W. Spinal epidural abscess: a meta-analysis of 915 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 2000;23:175-204.
8. Chao D, Nanda A. Spinal epidural abscess: a diagnostic challenge. Am Fam Physician. 2002;65:1341-1347.
9. Schulz-Stübner S, Pottinger JM, Coffin SA, et al. Nosocomial infections and infection control in regional anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2008;52:1144-1157.
10. Chan YC, Dasey N. Iatrogenic spinal epidural abscess. Acta Chir Belg. 2007;107:109-118.
11. Miftode E, Luca V, Mihalache D, et al. Spinal epidural abscess. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2001;105:778-784.
12. Grewal S, Hocking G, Wildsmith JA. Epidural abscesses. Br J Anaesth. 2006;96:292-302.
13. Chen HC, Tzaan WC, Lui TN. Spinal epidural abscesses: a retrospective analysis of clinical manifestations, sources of infection, and outcomes. Chang Gung Med J. 2004;27:351-358.
14. Lu CH, Chang WN, Lui CC, et al. Adult spinal epidural abscess: clinical features and prognostic factors. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2002;104:306-310.
15. Merrell C, McKinley W. Infection-related spinal cord injury: etiologies and outcomes. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2008;14:31-41.
16. Heary RF, Hunt CD, Krieger AJ, et al. HIV status does not affect microbiologic spectrum or neurologic outcome in spinal infections. Surg Neurol. 1994;42:417-423.
17. Cruse PJ, Foord R. A five-year prospective study of 23,469 surgical wounds. Arch Surg. 1973;107:206-210.
18. Angsuwat M, Kavar B, Lowe AJ. Early detection of spinal sepsis. J Clin Neurosci. 2010;17:59-63.
19. Grabysa R, Moczulska B. Spinal epidural abscess penetrating into retroperitoneal space in patient with diabetes mellitus type 2: early diagnosis and treatment requirement. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2008;118:68-72.
20. Grados F, Lescure FX, Senneville E, et al. Suggestions for managing pyogenic (non-tuberculous) discitis in adults. Joint Bone Spine. 2007;74:133-139.
21. Tsiodras S, Falagas ME. Clinical assessment and medical treatment of spine infections. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;444:38-50.
22. Darouiche RO. Spinal epidural abscess. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2012-2020.
23. Rivero MG, Salvatore AJ, de Wouters L. Spontaneous infectious spondylodiscitis in adults: analysis of 30 cases. Medicina (B Aires). 1999;59:143-150.
24. Kastenbauer S, Pfister HW, Scheld WM. Epidural abscess. In: Scheld WM, Whitley RJ, Marra CM, eds. Infections of the central nervous system. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004:509-522.
25. Fantoni M, Trecarichi EM, Rossi B, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012;16(Suppl 2):2-7.
26. Bruch M. Surgical preparation and site access: testing's stepchild. In: Paulson DS, ed. Handbook of topical antimicrobials: industrial applications in consumer products and pharmaceuticals. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2003:197-220.
27. Seal LA, Paul-Cheadle D. A systems approach to preoperative surgical patient skin preparation. Am J Infect Control. 2004;32:57-62.
28. Rigamonti D, Liem L, Sampath P, et al. Spinal epidural abscess: contemporary trends in etiology, evaluation, and management. Surg Neurol. 1999;52:189-196.
29. Moritani T, Kim J, Capizzano AA, et al. Pyogenic and non-pyogenic spinal infections: emphasis on diffusion-weighted imaging for the detection of abscesses and pus collections. Br J Radiol. 2014;87:20140011.
30. Stabler A, Reiser MF. Imaging of spinal infection. Radiol Clin North Am. 2001;39:115-135.
31. Kobayashi N, Bauer TW, Togawa D, et al. A molecular gram stain using broad range PCR and pyrosequencing technology: a potentially useful tool for diagnosing orthopaedic infections. Diagn Mol Pathol. 2005;14:83-89.
32. Kobayashi N, Bauer TW, Sakai H, et al. The use of newly developed real-time PCR for the rapid identification of bacteria in culture-negative osteomyelitis. Joint Bone Spine. 2006;73:745-747.
33. Marschall J, Bhavan KP, Olsen MA, et al. The impact of prebiopsy antibiotics on pathogen recovery in hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52:867-872.
34. Bequet D, de Broucker T. Indication of neuro-imaging for the initial management and the follow-up of acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis [in French]. Med Mal Infect. 2009;39:473-482.
35. Pradilla G, Ardila GP, Hsu W, et al. Epidural abscesses of the CNS. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:292-300.
36. Bostrom A, Oertel M, Ryang Y, et al. Treatment strategies and outcome in patients with non-tuberculous spinal epidural abscess: a review of 46 cases. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 2008;51:36-42.
37. Yoon SH, Chung SK, Kim KJ, et al. Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: identification of microorganism and laboratory markers used to predict clinical outcome. Eur Spine J. 2010;19:575-582.
38. Bettini N, Girardo M, Dema E, et al. Evaluation of conservative treatment of non specific spondylodiscitis. Eur Spine J. 2009;18(Suppl 1):143-150.
39. Sevinç F, Prins JM, Koopmans RP, et al. Early switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics: guidelines and implementation in a large teaching hospital. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1999;43:601-606.
40. Hadjipavlou AG, Mader JT, Necessary JT, et al. Hematogenous pyogenic spinal infections and their surgical management. Spine. 2000;25:1668-1679.
41. Savage K, Holtom PD, Zalavras CG. Spinal epidural abscess: early clinical outcome in patients treated medically. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;439:56-60.
42. Wang J, Calhoun JH, Mader JT. The application of bioimplants in the management of chronic osteomyelitis. Orthopedics. 2002;25:1247-1252.
43. Özdemir N, Çelik L, Oguzoglu S, et al. Cervical vertebral osteomyelitis and epidural abscess caused by Candida albicans in a patient with chronic renal failure. Turk Neurosurg. 2008;18:207-210.
44. Alton TB, Patel AR, Bransford RJ, et al. Is there a difference in neurologic outcome in medical versus early operative management of cervical epidural abscesses? Spine J. 2015;15:10-17.
45. Hlavin ML, Kaminski HJ, Ross JS, et al. Spinal epidural abscess: a ten-year perspective. Neurosurgery. 1990;27:177-184.
46. Patel AR, Alton TB, Bransford RJ, et al. Spinal epidural abscesses: risk factors, medical versus surgical management, a retrospective review of 128 cases. Spine J. 2014;14:326-330.
47. Epstein NE. Timing and prognosis of surgery for spinal epidural abscess: a review. Surg Neurol Int. 2015;6:S475-486.
48. Suppiah S, Meng Y, Fehlings MG, et al. How best to manage the spinal epidural abscess? A current systematic review. World Neurosurg. 2016;93:20-28.
49. Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34:17-60.
50. Geerts WH, Bergqvist D, Pineo GF, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest. 2008;133(suppl 6):381S-453S.
51. Kearon C, Kahn SR, Agnelli G, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th edition). Chest. 2008;133(suppl):454S-545S.
52. Bates SM, Greer IA, Middeldorp S, et al. VTE, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy. Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2_suppl):e691S-e736S.
53. Ravicovitch MA, Spallone A. Spinal epidural abscesses: surgical and parasurgical management. Eur Neurol. 1982;21:347-357.
54. Chang WC, Tsou HK, Kao TH, et al. Successful treatment of extended epidural abscess and long segment osteomyelitis: a case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol. 2008;69:117-120.
55. Muckley T, Schutz T, Schmidt MH, et al. The role of thoracoscopic spinal surgery in the management of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. Spine. 2004;29:E227-E233.
56. Jackson SR, Richelsoph KC, Courtney HS, et al. Preliminary in vitro evaluation of an adjunctive therapy for extremity wound infection reduction: rapidly resorbing local antibiotic delivery. J Orthop Res. 2009;27:903-908.
57. Yarboro SR, Baum EJ, Dahners LE. Locally administered antibiotics for prophylaxis against surgical wound infection: an in vivo study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:929-933.
58. Pereira CE, Lynch JC. Spinal epidural abscess: an analysis of 24 cases. Surg Neurol. 2005;63(suppl 1):S26-S29.
59. Lazzarini L, Lipsky BA, Mader JT. Antibiotic treatment of osteomyelitis: what have we learned from 30 years of clinical trials? Int J Infect Dis. 2005;9:127-138.
使用此内容应接受我们的免责声明。
BMJ临床实践的持续改进离不开您的帮助和反馈。如果您发现任何功能问题和内容错误,或您对BMJ临床实践有任何疑问或建议,请您扫描右侧二维码并根据页面指导填写您的反馈和联系信息*。一旦您的建议在我们核实后被采纳,您将会收到一份小礼品。
如果您有紧急问题需要我们帮助,请您联系我们。
邮箱:bmjchina.support@bmj.com
电话:+86 10 64100686-612
*您的联系信息仅会用于我们与您确认反馈信息和礼品事宜。
BMJ临床实践官方反馈平台