妊娠
一些作者建议所有妊娠女性在第一次产前检查时均应筛查菌尿,尤其是那些患有糖尿病或既往曾患尿路感染的女性。[1]Bergeron MG. Treatment of pyelonephritis in adults. Med Clin North Am. 1995 May;79(3):619-49.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7752732?tool=bestpractice.com[42]Smaill F, Vazquez JC. Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Aug 7;(8):CD000490.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000490.pub3/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26252501?tool=bestpractice.com 美国妇产科医师学会 (American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) 支持这个方案,并建议所有妊娠女性筛查无症状性菌尿。一项研究表明菌尿筛查的最佳时间是在妊娠第 16 周。[43]Millar LK, Cox SM. Urinary tract infections complicating pregnancy. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1997 Mar;11(1):13-26.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9067782?tool=bestpractice.com[44]Schneeberger C, Geerlings SE, Middleton P, et al. Interventions for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jul 26;(7):CD009279.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD009279.pub3/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26221993?tool=bestpractice.com另一项研究显示,在该研究人群中,产前普遍筛查无症状性菌尿后,与筛查之前相比,急性肾盂肾炎的发病率有所下降。[45]Farkash E, Weintraub AY, Sergienko R, et al. Acute antepartum pyelonephritis in pregnancy: a critical analysis of risk factors and outcomes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012 May;162(1):24-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22381037?tool=bestpractice.com