急性肾盂肾炎

Scholes D, Hooton TM, Roberts PL, et al. Risk factors associated with acute pyelonephritis in healthy women. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Jan 4;142(1):20-7.

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Gupta K, Hooton TM, Naber KG, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Mar 1;52(5):e103-20.

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Stunell H, Buckley O, Feeney J, et al. Imaging of acute pyelonephritis in the adult. Eur Radiol. 2007 Jul;17(7):1820-8.

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European Association of Urology. Guidelines on urological infections. 2018 [internet publication].

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Macejko AM, Schaeffer AJ. Asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections during pregnancy. Urol Clin North Am. 2007 Feb;34(1):35-42.

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Stapleton A, Stamm WE. Prevention of urinary tract infections. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 1997 Sep;11(3):719-33.

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1.  Bergeron MG. Treatment of pyelonephritis in adults. Med Clin North Am. 1995 May;79(3):619-49.

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2.  Ramakrishnan K, Scheid DC. Diagnosis and management of acute pyelonephritis in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2005 Mar 1;71(5):933-42.

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3.  Hooton TM, Stamm WE. Diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1997 Sep;11(3):551-81.

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4.  Foxman B, Klemstine KL, Brown PD. Acute pyelonephritis in US hospitals in 1997: hospitalization and in-hospital mortality. Ann Epidemiol. 2003 Feb;13(2):144-50.

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5.  Czaja CA, Scholes D, Hooton TM, Stamm WE. Population-based epidemiologic analysis of acute pyelonephritis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Aug 1;45(3):273-80.

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6.  Scholes D, Hooton TM, Roberts PL, et al. Risk factors associated with acute pyelonephritis in healthy women. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Jan 4;142(1):20-7.

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7.  Ki M, Park T, Choi B, et al. The epidemiology of acute pyelonephritis in South Korea, 1997-1999. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Nov 15;160(10):985-93.

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8.  Neumann I, Moore P. Pyelonephritis (acute) in non-pregnant women. BMJ Clin Evid. 2014 Nov 4;2014.pii: 0807.

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9.  Geerlings SE. Clinical presentations and epidemiology of urinary tract infections. Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Oct;4(5).

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10.  Valera B, Gentil MA, Cabello V, et al. Epidemiology of urinary infections in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. 2006 Oct;38(8):2414-5.

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11.  Matuszkiewicz-Rowińska J, Małyszko J, Wieliczko M. Urinary tract infections in pregnancy: old and new unresolved diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Arch Med Sci. 2015 Mar 16;11(1):67-77.

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12.  Manges AR, Johnson JR, Foxman B, et al. Widespread distribution of urinary tract infections caused by a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli clonal group. N Engl J Med. 2001 Oct 4;345(14):1007-13.

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13.  Johnson JR, Manges AR, O'Bryan TT, et al. A disseminated multidrug-resistant clonal group of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in pyelonephritis. Lancet. 2002 Jun 29;359(9325):2249-51.

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14.  Ramchandani M, Manges AR, DebRoy C, et al. Possible animal origin of human-associated, multidrug-resistant, uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Jan 15;40(2):251-7.

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15.  Meyrier A. Urinary tract infection. In: Schrier R, ed. Atlas of diseases of the kidney. Philadelphia, PA: Blackwell Publishing; 1999.

16.  Matthews SJ, Lancaster JW. Urinary tract infections in the elderly population. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2011 Oct;9(5):286-309.

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17.  Lane MC, Mobley HL. Role of P-fimbrial-mediated adherence in pyelonephritis and persistence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in the mammalian kidney. Kidney Int. 2007 Jul;72(1):19-25.

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18.  Johnson JR. Microbial virulence determinants and the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2003 Jun;17(2):261-78.

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19.  Guyer DM, Kao JS, Mobley HL. Genomic analysis of a pathogenicity island in uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073: distribution of homologous sequences among isolates from patients with pyelonephritis, cystitis, and catheter-associated bacteriuria and from fecal samples. Infect Immun. 1998 Sep;66(9):4411-7.

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20.  Hacker J, Blum-Oehler G, Hochhut B, et al. The molecular basis of infectious diseases: pathogenicity islands and other mobile genetic elements: a review. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 2003;50(4):321-30.

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21.  Hooton TM, Roberts PL, Stamm WE. Effects of recent sexual activity and use of a diaphragm on the vaginal microflora. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 Aug;19(2):274-8.

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22.  Scholes D, Hooton TM, Roberts PL, et al. Risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection in young women. J Infect Dis. 2000 Oct;182(4):1177-82.

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23.  Boyko EJ, Fihn SD, Scholes D, et al. Diabetes and the risk of acute urinary tract infections among postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care. 2002 Oct;25(10):1778-83.

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24.  Brown JS, Vittinghoff E, Kanaya AM, et al. Urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women: effect of hormone therapy and risk factors. Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Dec;98(6):1045-52.

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25.  Pabich WL, Fihn SD, Stamm WE, et al. Prevalence and determinants of vaginal flora alterations in postmenopausal women. J Infect Dis. 2003 Oct 1;188(7):1054-8.

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26.  Geerlings SE, Meiland R, van Lith EC, et al. Adherence of type 1-fimbriated Escherichia coli to uroepithelial cells; more in diabetic women than in control subjects. Diabetes Care. 2002 Aug;25(8):1405-9.

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27.  Gupta K, Stapleton AE, Hooton TM, et al. Inverse association of H2O2-producing lactobacilli and vaginal Escherichia coli colonization in women with recurrent urinary tract infections. J Infect Dis. 1998 Aug;178(2):446-50.

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28.  Fairley KF, Carson NE, Gutch RC, et al. Site of infection in acute urinary-tract infection in general practice. Lancet. 1971 Sep 18;2(7725):615-8.

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29.  Pinson AG, Philbrick JT, Lindbeck GH, et al. Fever in the clinical diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. Am J Emerg Med. 1997 Mar;15(2):148-51.

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30.  Gupta K, Hooton TM, Naber KG, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Mar 1;52(5):e103-20.

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31.  Garin EH, Olavarria F, Araya C, et al. Diagnostic significance of clinical and laboratory findings to localize site of urinary infection. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007 Jul;22(7):1002-6.

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32.  Shaikh N, Borrell JL, Evron J, et al. Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 20;(1):CD009185.

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33.  Masajtis-Zagajewska A, Kurnatowska I, Wajdlich M, et al. Utility of copeptin and standard inflammatory markers in the diagnostics of upper and lower urinary tract infections. BMC Urol. 2015 Jul 8;15:67.

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34.  Xu RY, Liu HW, Liu JL, et al. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in urinary tract infection diagnosis. BMC Urol. 2014 May 30;14:45.

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35.  Simon L, Gauvin F, Amre DK, et al. Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as markers of bacterial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Jul 15;39(2):206-17.

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36.  Rafiei A, Mohammadjafari H, Ahifar A, et al. The urinary and serum levels of IL-32 in children with febrile urinary tract infections. Future Sci OA. 2017 Sep 14;3(4):FSO242.

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37.  Azab S, Zakaria M, Raafat M, et al. The combination of urinary IL-6 and renal biometry as useful diagnostic tools to differentiate acute pyelonephritis from lower urinary tract infection. Int Braz J Urol. 2016 Jul-Aug;42(4):810-6.

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38.  American College of Radiology; Society for Pediatric Radiology. ACR–SPR practice parameter for the performance of renal scintigraphy. 2017 [internet publication].

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39.  American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute pyelonephritis. 2018 [internet publication].

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40.  Stunell H, Buckley O, Feeney J, et al. Imaging of acute pyelonephritis in the adult. Eur Radiol. 2007 Jul;17(7):1820-8.

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41.  Garcia-Ferrer L, Primo J, Juan Escudero JU, et al. The use of renal ultrasound for adult acute pyelonephritis. Arch Esp Urol. 2007 Jun;60(5):519-24.

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42.  Smaill F, Vazquez JC. Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Aug 7;(8):CD000490.

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43.  Millar LK, Cox SM. Urinary tract infections complicating pregnancy. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1997 Mar;11(1):13-26.

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44.  Schneeberger C, Geerlings SE, Middleton P, et al. Interventions for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jul 26;(7):CD009279.

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45.  Farkash E, Weintraub AY, Sergienko R, et al. Acute antepartum pyelonephritis in pregnancy: a critical analysis of risk factors and outcomes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012 May;162(1):24-7.

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46.  European Association of Urology. Guidelines on urological infections. 2018 [internet publication].

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47.  Strohmeier Y, Hodson EM, Willis NS, et al. Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jul 28;(7):CD003772.

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48.  Bergeron MG, Marois Y. Benefit from high intrarenal levels of gentamicin in the treatment of E. coli pyelonephritis. Kidney Int. 1986 Oct;30(4):481-7.

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49.  Piccoli GB, Consiglio V, Colla L, et al. Antibiotic treatment for acute 'uncomplicated' or 'primary' pyelonephritis: a systematic, 'semantic revision'. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2006 Aug;28(suppl 1):S49-63.

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50.  Eliakim-Raz N, Yahav D, Paul M, et al. Duration of antibiotic treatment for acute pyelonephritis and septic urinary tract infection - 7 days or less versus longer treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013 Oct;68(10):2183-91.

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51.  Sandberg T, Skoog G, Hermansson AB, et al. Ciprofloxacin for 7 days versus 14 days in women with acute pyelonephritis: a randomised, open-label and double-blind, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2012 Aug 4;380(9840):484-90.

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52.  Widmer M, Gülmezoglu AM, Mignini L, et al. Duration of treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Nov 11;(11):CD000491.

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53.  Schaeffer AJ. Infections of the urinary tract. In: Walsh PC, Retic AB, Vaughan ED Jr, et al, eds. Campbell's urology, 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2002:516-602.

54.  Macejko AM, Schaeffer AJ. Asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections during pregnancy. Urol Clin North Am. 2007 Feb;34(1):35-42.

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55.  Vouloumanou EK, Rafailidis PI, Kazantzi MS, et al. Early switch to oral versus intravenous antimicrobial treatment for hospitalized patients with acute pyelonephritis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Cur Med Res Opin. 2008 Dec;24(12):3423-34.

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56.  Safrin S, Siegel D, Black D. Pyelonephritis in adult women: inpatient versus outpatient therapy. Am J Med. 1988 Dec;85(6):793-8.

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57.  Pinson AG, Philbrick JT, Lindbeck GH, et al. ED management of acute pyelonephritis in women: a cohort study. Am J Emerg Med. 1994 May;12(3):271-8.

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58.  Neuhaus TJ, Berger C, Buechner K, et al. Randomised trial of oral versus sequential intravenous/oral cephalosporins in children with pyelonephritis. Eur J Pediat. 2008 Sep;167(9):1037-47.

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59.  Vazquez JC, Abalos E. Treatments for symptomatic urinary tract infections during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jan 19;(1):CD002256.

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60.  Popović J, Grujić Z, Sabo A. Influence of pregnancy on ceftriaxone, cefazolin and gentamicin pharmacokinetics in caesarean vs. non-pregnant sectioned women. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2007 Dec;32(6):595-602.

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61.  Nahum GG, Uhl K, Kennedy DL. Antibiotic use in pregnancy and lactation: what is and is not known about teratogenic and toxic risks. Obstet Gynecol. 2006 May;107(5):1120-38.

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62.  Gupta R, Verma I, Sharma S, et al. Prevention of tissue injury in an ascending mouse model of chronic pyelonephritis--role of free radical scavengers. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004 Jul;27(4):225-34.

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63.  Kucuk HF, Bigul SM, Kurt N, et al. Effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on renal scarring. Eur Surg Res. 2006;38(5):451-7.

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64.  O'Brien VP, Hannan TJ, Nielsen HV, et al. Drug and vaccine development for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections. Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Feb;4(1).

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65.  Kumar V, Ganguly N, Joshi K, et al. Protective efficacy and immunogenicity of escheria coli K13 diphtheria toxoid conjugate against experimental ascending pyelonephritis. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2005 Aug;194(4):211-7.

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66.  Castanheira M, Huband MD, Mendes RE, et al. Meropenem-vaborbactam tested against contemporary Gram-negative isolates collected worldwide during 2014, including carbapenem-resistant, KPC-producing, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017 Aug 24;61(9):e00567-17.

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67.  Kaye KS, Bhowmick T, Metallidis S, et al. Effect of meropenem-vaborbactam vs piperacillin-tazobactam on clinical cure or improvement and microbial eradication in complicated urinary tract infection: the TANGO I randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018 Feb 27;319(8):788-99.

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68.  Cox G, Ejim L, Stogios PJ, et al. Plazomicin retains antibiotic activity against most aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. ACS Infect Dis. 2018 Jun 8;4(6):980-7.

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69.  Shaikh N, Ewing AL, Bhatnagar S, et al. Risk of renal scarring in children with a first urinary tract infection: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2010 Dec;126(6):1084-91.

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70.  Sandberg T, Brorson JE. Efficacy of long-term antimicrobial prophylaxis after acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy. Scand J Infect Dis. 1991;23(2):221-3.

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71.  Stapleton A, Stamm WE. Prevention of urinary tract infections. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 1997 Sep;11(3):719-33.

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72.  Montini G, Rigon L, Zucchetta P, et al. Prophylaxis after first febrile urinary tract infection in children? A multicenter, randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial. Pediatrics. 2008 Nov;122(5):1064-71.

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73.  Williams G, Craig JC. Long-term antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Mar 16;(3):CD001534.

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