纤维肌痛在全球所有种族和社会经济群体中是一种常见的疾病。[3]Topbas M, Cakirbay H, Gulec H, et al. The prevalence of fibromyalgia in women aged 20-64 in Turkey. Scand J Rheumatol. 2005;34:140-144.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16095011?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Haq SA, Darmawan J, Islam MN, et al. Prevalence of rheumatic diseases and associated outcomes in rural and urban communities in Bangladesh: a COPCORD study. J Rheumatol. 2005;32:348-353.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15693098?tool=bestpractice.com[5]White KP, Harth M. Classification, epidemiology, and natural history of fibromyalgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2001;5:320-329.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11403735?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Wolfe F. The epidemiology of fibromyalgia. J Musculoskel Pain. 1993;1:137.[7]Raspe H, Baumgartner C, Wolfe F. The prevalence of fibromyalgia in a rural German community: how much difference do criteria make? Arthritis Rheum. 1993;36(9 Suppl):S48.研究表明总体人群患病率在 0.5%-5% 之间。[5]White KP, Harth M. Classification, epidemiology, and natural history of fibromyalgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2001;5:320-329.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11403735?tool=bestpractice.com在美国,总患病率约为 2%,而女性患病率 (3.5%) 高于男性 (0.5%),90% 的纤维肌痛患者是女性。[6]Wolfe F. The epidemiology of fibromyalgia. J Musculoskel Pain. 1993;1:137.产生这种几乎只有女性被诊断的偏倚与 1990 年纤维肌痛标准需要满足一定数量压痛点有关(女性天生比男性柔弱,更易将满足该标准)。2010 年和 2011 年的标准无明显的女性偏倚,更多的男性患者被诊断为此病,因此纤维肌痛的人群患病率增至 6%-8%。[8]Vincent A, Lahr BD, Wolfe F, et al. Prevalence of fibromyalgia: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, utilizing the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65:786-792.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23203795?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, et al. Fibromyalgia criteria and severity scales for clinical and epidemiological studies: a modification of the ACR Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2011;38:1113-1122.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21285161?tool=bestpractice.com发病年龄通常在 20-60 岁之间,平均发病年龄为 35 岁。患病率随着年龄的增长而增加,女性更加突出。[5]White KP, Harth M. Classification, epidemiology, and natural history of fibromyalgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2001;5:320-329.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11403735?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Wolfe F. The epidemiology of fibromyalgia. J Musculoskel Pain. 1993;1:137.纤维肌痛也可以出现在儿童期;事实上,那些被诊断为成人纤维肌痛或其他类似的疼痛综合征患者,往往从童年开始发生慢性疼痛(例如头痛、生长痛、功能性胃肠道疾病、痛经)。家族遗传因素起着极强的作用,纤维肌痛患者的一级亲属患病率为正常人群的 8 倍。[10]Arnold LM, Hudson JI, Hess EV, et al. Family study of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:944-952.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.20042/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15022338?tool=bestpractice.com