惊恐障碍

对于惊恐发作或惊恐障碍没有一级预防措施。

应该让患者避免某些行为（如喝咖啡和吸烟），因为这些会产生与惊恐发作类似的感觉。[32]Zvolensky MJ, Feldner MT, Leen-Feldner EW, et al. Smoking and panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia: a review of the empirical literature. Clin Psychol Rev. 2005 Sep;25(6):761-89.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15975699?tool=bestpractice.com[33]Vilarim MM, Rocha Araujo DM, Nardi AE. Caffeine challenge test and panic disorder: a systematic literature review. Expert Rev Neurother. 2011 Aug;11(8):1185-95.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21797659?tool=bestpractice.com 鼓励逐渐重新参与体育锻炼。