Legg-Calvé-Perthes 病

Stulberg SD, Cooperman DR, Wallensten R. The natural history of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63:1095-1108.

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Catterall A. The natural history of Perthes' disease. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1971;53:37-53.

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Salter RB, Thompson GH. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. The prognostic significance of the subchondral fracture and a two-group classification of the femoral head involvement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:479-489.

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Herring JA, Neustadt JB, Williams JJ, et al. The lateral pillar classification of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 1992;12:143-150.

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Canale ST, D'Anca AF, Cotler JM, et al. Innominate osteotomy in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972;54:25-40.

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1.  Perry DC, Bruce CE, Pope D, et al. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in the UK: geographic and temporal trends in incidence reflecting differences in degree of deprivation in childhood. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:1673-1679.

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2.  Margetts BM, Perry CA, Taylor JF, et al. The incidence and distribution of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in Liverpool, 1982-95. Arch Dis Child. 2001;84:351-354.

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3.  Barker DJ, Dixon E, Taylor JF. Perthes' disease of the hip in three regions in England. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1978;60-B:478-480.

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4.  Mullan CJ, Thompson LJ, Cosgrove AP. The declining incidence of Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease in Northern Ireland: an epidemiological study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2017 Apr/May;37(3):e178-82.

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5.  Perry DC, Machin DM, Pope D, et al. Racial and geographic factors in the incidence of Legg-Calvé-Perthes' disease: a systematic review. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;175:159-166.

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6.  Hall AJ, Barker DJ. The age distribution of Legg-Perthes disease. An analysis using Sartwell's incubation period model. Am J Epidemiol. 1984;120:531-536.

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7.  Perry DC, Skellorn PJ, Bruce CE. The lognormal age of onset distribution in Perthes' disease: an analysis from a large well-defined cohort. Bone Joint J. 2016;98-B:710-714.

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8.  Wynne-Davies R, Gormley J. The aetiology of Perthes' disease. Genetic, epidemiological and growth factors in 310 Edinburgh and Glasgow patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1978;60:6-14.

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9.  Harper PS, Brotherton BJ, Cochin D. Genetic risks in Perthes' disease. Clin Genet. 1976;10:178-182.

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10.  Neidel J, Boddenberg B, Zander D, et al. Thyroid function in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: cross-sectional and longitudinal study. J Pediatr Orthop. 1993;13:592-597.

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11.  Kleinman RG, Bleck EE. Increased blood viscosity in patients with Legg-Perthes disease: a preliminary report. J Pediatr Orthop. 1981;1:131-136.

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12.  Gregosiewicz A, Okonski M, Stolecka D, et al. Ischemia of the femoral head in Perthes' disease: is the cause intra- or extravascular? J Pediatr Orthop. 1989;9:160-162.

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13.  Théron J. Angiography in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Radiology. 1980;135:81-92.

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14.  de Camargo FP, de Godoy RM Jr, Tovo R. Angiography in Perthes' disease. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;191:216-220.

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15.  Mehta JS, Conybeare ME, Hinves BL, et al. Protein C levels in patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: is it a true deficiency? J Pediatr Orthop. 2006;26:200-203.

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16.  Arruda VR, Belangero WD, Ozelo MC, et al. Inherited risk factors for thrombophilia among children with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 1999;19:84-87.

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17.  Grogan DP, Love SM, Ogden JA, et al. Chondro-osseous growth abnormalities after meningococcemia. A clinical and histopathological study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989;71:920-928.

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18.  Liu SL, Ho TC. The role of venous hypertension in the pathogenesis of Legg-Perthes disease. A clinical and experimental study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991;73:194-200.

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19.  Glueck CJ, Freiberg RA, Crawford A, et al. Secondhand smoke, hypofibrinolysis, and Legg-Perthes disease. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998;352:159-167.

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20.  Suramo I, Puranen J, Heikkinen E, et al. Disturbed patterns of venous drainage of the femoral neck in Perthes' disease. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1974;56:448-453.

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21.  Chung SM. The arterial supply of the developing proximal end of the human femur. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58:961-970.

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22.  Trueta J. The normal vascular anatomy of the femoral head in adult man. 1953. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997;334:6-14.

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23.  Ferguson AB Jr. Segmental vascular changes in the femoral head in children and adults. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985;200:291-298.

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24.  Dahlback B, Stenflo J. A natural anticoagulant pathway: proteins C,S, C4b-binding protein and thrombomodulin. In: Bloom AL, Forbes CD, Thomas DP, et al. eds. Haemostasis and thrombosis. 3rd ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1994:671-697.

25.  Gruppo R, Glueck CJ, Wall E, et al. Legg-Perthes disease in three siblings, two heterozygous and one homozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation. J Pediatr. 1998;132:885-888.

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26.  Szepesi K, Pósán E, Hársfalvi J, et al. The most severe forms of Perthes' disease associated with the homozygous Factor V Leiden mutation. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86:426-429.

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27.  Glueck CJ, Glueck HI, Greenfield D, et al. Protein C and S deficiency, thrombophilia, and hypofibrinolysis: pathophysiologic causes of Legg-Perthes disease. Pediatr Res. 1994;35:383-388.

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28.  Zahir A, Freeman AR. Cartilage changes following a single episode of infarction of the capital femoral epiphysis in the dog. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972;54:125-136.

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29.  Perry DC, Green DJ, Bruce CE, et al. Abnormalities of vascular structure and function in children with Perthes disease. Pediatrics. 2012;130:e126-e131.

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30.  Kallio P, Ryoppy S, Kunnamo I. Transient synovitis and Perthes' disease. Is there an aetiological connection? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1986;68:808-811.

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31.  Mukamel M, Litmanovitch M, Yosipovich Z, et al. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease following transient synovitis. How often? Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1985;24:629-631.

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32.  Kamiya N, Yamaguchi R, Adapala NS, et al. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease produces chronic hip synovitis and elevation of interleukin-6 in the synovial fluid. J Bone Miner Res. 2015;30:1009-1013.

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33.  Kealey DW, Lappin KJ, Leslie H, et al. Endocrine profile and physical stature of children with Perthes disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 2004;24:161-166.

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34.  Harrison MH, Turner MH, Jacobs P. Skeletal immaturity in Perthes' disease. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1976;58:37-40.

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35.  Burwell RG, Vernon CL, Dangerfield PH, et al. Raised somatomedin activity in the serum of young boys with Perthes' disease revealed by bioassay. A disease of growth transition? Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1986;209:129-138.

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36.  Tanaka H, Tanura K, Takano K, et al. Serum somatomedin A in Perthes' disease. Acta Orthop Scand. 1984;55:135-140.

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37.  Joseph B. Serum immunoglobulin in Perthes' disease. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991;73:509-510.

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38.  Kitsugi T, Kasahara Y, Seto Y, et al. Normal somatomedin-C activity measured by radioimmunoassay in Perthes' disease. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;(244):217-221.

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39.  Katz JF. Protein-bound iodine in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1955;37:842-846.

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40.  Westhoff B, Krauspe R, Kalke AE, et al. Urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline in Perthes' disease: a prospective, controlled comparative study in 83 children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006;88:967-971.

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41.  Weiner DS, O'Dell HW. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Observations on skeletal maturation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1970;68:44-49.

42.  Gordon JE, Schoenecker PL, Osland JD, et al. Smoking and socio-economic status in the etiology and severity of Legg-Calvé-Perthes' disease. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2004;13:367-370.

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43.  Garcia Mata S, Ardanaz Aicua E, Hidalgo Overjero A, et al. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and passive smoking. J Pediatr Orthop. 2000;20:326-330.

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44.  Bahmanyar S, Montgomery SM, Weiss RJ, et al. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and other prenatal and perinatal factors and the risk of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Pediatrics. 2008;122:459-464.

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45.  Adams JC, Hamblen D. Outline of orthopaedics. 12th ed. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone; 1995:312-316.

46.  Joseph B. Morphological changes in the acetabulum in Perthes' disease. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1989;71:756-763.

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47.  Stulberg SD, Cooperman DR, Wallensten R. The natural history of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63:1095-1108.

• 摘要

48.  Barker DJ, Hall AJ. The epidemiology of Perthes' disease. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986;209:89-94.

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49.  Kealey WD, Moore AJ, Cook S, et al. Deprivation, urbanisation and Perthes' disease in Northern Ireland. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82:167-171.

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50.  Wiig O, Terjesen T, Svenningsen S, et al. The epidemiology and etiology of Perthes' disease in Norway. A nationwide survey of 425 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006;88:1217-1223.

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51.  Joseph B, Chacko V, Rao BS, et al. The epidemiology of Perthes' disease in south India. Int J Epidemiol. 1988;17:603-607.

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52.  Fisher RL. An epidemiological study of Legg-Perthes disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972;54:769-778.

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53.  Purry NA. The incidence of Perthes disease in three population groups in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1982;64:286-288.

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54.  Sharma S, Sibinski M, Sherlock DA. A profile of Perthes' disease in Greater Glasgow: is there an association with deprivation? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87:1536-1540.

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55.  Perry DC, Bruce CE, Pope D, et al. Perthes' disease of the hip: socioeconomic inequalities and the urban environment. Arch Dis Child. 2012;97:1053-1057.

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56.  Perry DC, Bruce CE, Pope D, et al. Comorbidities in Perthes' disease: a case control study using the General Practice Research database. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94:1684-1689.

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57.  Shaw ED, Beals RK. The hip joint in Trisomy 21. A study of its structure and associated disease. Clin Orthop. 1992;278:101-107.

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58.  Oshima M, Yoshihasi Y, Ito K, et al. Initial stage of Legg-Calve Perthes’ disease: comparison of three-phase scintigraphy and SPECT with MR imaging. Eur J Radiol. 1992;15:107-112.

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59.  Bos CF, Bloem JL, Bloem RM. Sequential magnetic resonance imaging in Perthes’ disease. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991;73:219-224.

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60.  Du J, Lu A, Dempsey M, et al. MR perfusion index as a quantitative method of evaluating epiphyseal perfusion in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease and correlation with short-term radiographic outcome: a preliminary study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2013;33;707-713.

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61.  Kim HK, Wiesman KD, Kulkarni V, et al. Perfusion MRI in early stage of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease to predict lateral pillar involvement: a preliminary study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014;96:1152-1160.

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62.  Catterall A. The natural history of Perthes' disease. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1971;53:37-53.

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63.  Huhnstock S, Svenningsen S, Merckoll E, et al. Radiographic classifications in Perthes disease. Acta Orthop. 2017 Oct;88(5):522-9.

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64.  Salter RB, Thompson GH. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. The prognostic significance of the subchondral fracture and a two-group classification of the femoral head involvement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:479-489.

• 摘要

65.  Herring JA, Neustadt JB, Williams JJ, et al. The lateral pillar classification of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 1992;12:143-150.

• 摘要

66.  Herring JA, Kim HT, Browne R. Legg-Calve Perthes disease. Part I: Classification of radiographs with use of the modified lateral pillar and Stulberg classifications. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-A:2103-2120.

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67.  Canale ST, D'Anca AF, Cotler JM, et al. Innominate osteotomy in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972;54:25-40.

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68.  Sinigaglia R, Bundy A, Okoro T, et al. Is conservative treatment really effective for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease? A critical review of the literature. Chirurgia Narzadow Ruchu i Ortopedia Polska. 2007;72:439-443.

69.  Nguyen NA, Klein G, Dogbey G, et al. Operative versus nonoperative treatments for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32:697-705.

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70.  Saran N, Varghese R, Mulpuri K. Do femoral or salter innominate osteotomies improve femoral head sphericity in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012;470:2383-2393.

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71.  Rich MM, Schoenecker PL. Management of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease using an A-frame orthosis and hip range of motion: a 25-year experience. J Pediatr Orthop. 2013;33:112-119.

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72.  Wiig O, Terjesen T, Svenningsen S. Prognostic factors and outcome of treatment in Perthes' disease: a prospective study of 368 patients with five-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008;90:1364-1371.

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73.  Jasiewicz B, Zarzycka M, Zarzycki D, et al. Salter osteotomy in Perthes' disease. Late radiological results. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil. 2004;6:733-739.

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74.  Hsu JE, Baldwin KD, Tannast M, et al. What is the evidence supporting the prevention of osteoarthritis and improved femoral coverage after shelf procedure for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012;470:2421-2430.

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75.  Kadhim M, Holmes L Jr, Bowen JR. The role of shelf acetabuloplasty in early and late stages of Perthes disease: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Child Orthop. 2012;6:379-390.

76.  Hanna SA, Sarraf KM, Ramachandran M, et al. Systematic review of the outcome of total hip arthroplasty in patients with sequelae of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2017 Aug;137(8):1149-54.

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77.  Nakamura J, Kamegaya M, Saisu T, et al. Outcome of patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes onset before 6 years of age. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015;35:144-150.

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78.  Wiig O, Huhnstock S, Terjesen T, et al. The outcome and prognostic factors in children with bilateral Perthes' disease: a prospective study of 40 children with follow-up over five years. Bone Joint J. 2016;98-B:569-575.

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79.  Heesakkers N, van Kempen R, Feith R, et al. The long-term prognosis of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: a historical prospective study with a median follow-up of forty one years. Int Orthop. 2015;39:859-863.

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