一般预后
近乎 80%的溺水者可完全康复。虽然生还但存在神经损伤的溺水者约占 8%到 10%,其余溺水者死亡。[11]Piantadosi CA, Brown SD. Diving medicine and near drowning. In: Hall JB, Schmidt GA, Wood LDH, eds. Principles of critical care. 3rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2005:1693-1706.具体预后取决于患者在心肺复苏后的神经功能状态,分类如下:
A 类和 B 类
大多数 A 类和 B 类患者 (90%) 能存活且全部神经功能会恢复正常。[34]Oakes DD, Sherck JP, Maloney JR, et al. Prognosis and management of victims in near-drowning. J Trauma. 1982;22:544-548.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7097814?tool=bestpractice.com[37]Van Berkel M, Bierens JJ, Lie RL et al. Pulmonary oedema, pneumonia and mortality in submersion victims; a retrospective study in 125 patients. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22:101-107.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8857116?tool=bestpractice.com
C 类
多数溺水死亡者属于C 类。约一半患者的全部神经功能得到恢复,10%-23%会伴随永久性神经损伤。[34]Oakes DD, Sherck JP, Maloney JR, et al. Prognosis and management of victims in near-drowning. J Trauma. 1982;22:544-548.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7097814?tool=bestpractice.com[37]Van Berkel M, Bierens JJ, Lie RL et al. Pulmonary oedema, pneumonia and mortality in submersion victims; a retrospective study in 125 patients. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22:101-107.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8857116?tool=bestpractice.com