呼吸道合胞病毒感染

在多数临床环境中均可实施。 是用于评估低氧血症的快速准确方法。 对任何出现中重度症状的婴儿，应考虑该检查。[61]Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, et al; American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics. 2014 Nov;134(5):e1474-502.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/5/e1474.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25349312?tool=bestpractice.com 尚未证明常规脉搏血氧测量可以改善治疗效果。

缺氧

显示肺不张、肺过度充气、支气管袖套征和肺浸润影。[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 肺不张来自骨科医学博士 Melvin L. Wright 和医学博士 Giovanni Piedimonte 的个人资料；经获准使用 [Citation ends].[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 气体陷闭和支气管袖套征来自骨科医学博士 Melvin L. Wright 和医学博士 Giovanni Piedimonte 的个人资料；经获准使用 [Citation ends].

应作为保留检测，仅用于有重度疾病的患者以及改善速度未达到预期的患者。[61]Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, et al; American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics. 2014 Nov;134(5):e1474-502.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/5/e1474.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25349312?tool=bestpractice.com[84]Turner T, Wilkinson F, Harris C, et al. Evidence based guideline for the management of bronchiolitis. Aust Fam Physician. 2008 Jun;37(6 Spec No):6-13.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19142264?tool=bestpractice.com

肺不张、肺过度充气、支气管袖套征、浸润影

免疫荧光检测更普及，主要用于小型社区医院。[21]Committee on Infectious Diseases; American Academy of Pediatrics. Red book. 30th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: AAP; 2015:667-76.http://redbook.solutions.aap.org/chapter.aspx?sectionid=56798348&bookid=886[85]Moore C, Valappil M, Corden S, et al. Enhanced clinical utility of the NucliSens EasyQ RSV A+B Assay for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in clinical samples. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006 Mar;25(3):167-74.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16534566?tool=bestpractice.com

有商品化试剂盒，简单易用。 灵敏度大于 90%。[86]Stempel HE, Martin ET, Kuypers J, et al. Multiple viral respiratory pathogens in children with bronchiolitis. Acta Paediatr. 2009 Jan;98(1):123-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18785966?tool=bestpractice.com

病毒抗原检测

一种快速、敏感的 RSV 检测方法。

该方法越来越普遍可用，现已成为多数大型医疗中心病毒检测的首选方法。[84]Turner T, Wilkinson F, Harris C, et al. Evidence based guideline for the management of bronchiolitis. Aust Fam Physician. 2008 Jun;37(6 Spec No):6-13.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19142264?tool=bestpractice.com[87]Weinberg GA, Erdman DD, Edwards KM, et al. Superiority of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to conventional viral culture in the diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections in children. J Infect Dis. 2004 Feb 15;189(4):706-10.http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/189/4/706.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14767825?tool=bestpractice.com

临床敏感性优于其他诊断方法的。

病毒核糖核酸检测

对 RSV 检测很普及。 灵敏度高达 95%。[1]Shay DK, Holman RC, Newman RD, et al. Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among US children, 1980-1996. JAMA. 1999 Oct 20;282(15):1440-6.http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=192009http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10535434?tool=bestpractice.com

病毒抗原检测

考虑 RSV 诊断的金标准。

标准病毒培养需 3-7 天，壳小瓶培养需 1-2 天。

病毒生长