通过帕利珠单抗减少入院人数：中等质量证据表明，在降低因细支气管炎而入院的支气管肺发育不良儿童、早产婴儿及先天性心脏病婴儿的数量方面，帕利珠单抗有效。[49]The IMpact-RSV Study Group. Palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. Pediatrics. 1998 Sep;102(3 Pt 1):531-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9738173?tool=bestpractice.com[50]Feltes TF, Cabalka AK, Meissner HC, et al. Palivizumab prophylaxis reduces hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. J Pediatr. 2003 Oct;143(4):532-40.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14571236?tool=bestpractice.com 美国儿科学会 (American Academy of Pediatrics) 建议在经选择的患者中使用这种药物。[47]American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases; American Academy of Pediatrics Bronchiolitis Guidelines Committee. Updated guidance for palivizumab prophylaxis among infants and young children at increased risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatrics. 2014 Aug;134(2):415-20.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/2/415.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25070315?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者＞200名的随机对照临床试验（RCT）。
通过帕利珠单抗减少入院人数：中等质量证据表明，在降低因细支气管炎而入院的支气管肺发育不良儿童、早产婴儿及先天性心脏病婴儿的数量方面，帕利珠单抗有效。[49]The IMpact-RSV Study Group. Palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. Pediatrics. 1998 Sep;102(3 Pt 1):531-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9738173?tool=bestpractice.com[50]Feltes TF, Cabalka AK, Meissner HC, et al. Palivizumab prophylaxis reduces hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. J Pediatr. 2003 Oct;143(4):532-40.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14571236?tool=bestpractice.com 美国儿科学会 (American Academy of Pediatrics) 建议在经选择的患者中使用这种药物。[47]American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases; American Academy of Pediatrics Bronchiolitis Guidelines Committee. Updated guidance for palivizumab prophylaxis among infants and young children at increased risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatrics. 2014 Aug;134(2):415-20.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/2/415.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25070315?tool=bestpractice.com
皮质类固醇疗法对症状的改善：低质量证据表明，皮质类固醇疗法不能改善治疗效果。 然而，由于纳入标准和成果指标不同，很难在研究结果之间进行比较。 总体上，在针对有原发性细支气管炎伴首次出现哮鸣的儿童进行皮质类固醇疗法随机对照试验中，高质量的试验并没有显示出这种疗法对临床治疗效果有任何显著影响。[124]King VJ, Viswanathan M, Bordley WC, et al. Pharmacologic treatment of bronchiolitis in infants and children: a systematic review. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158:127-37.http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=485625http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14757604?tool=bestpractice.com[125]Corneli HM, Zorc JJ, Majahan P, et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of dexamethasone for bronchiolitis. N Engl J Med. 2007 Jul 26;357(4):331-9.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa071255#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17652648?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者＞200名的随机对照临床试验（RCT）。
皮质类固醇疗法对症状的改善：低质量证据表明，皮质类固醇疗法不能改善治疗效果。 然而，由于纳入标准和成果指标不同，很难在研究结果之间进行比较。 总体上，在针对有原发性细支气管炎伴首次出现哮鸣的儿童进行皮质类固醇疗法随机对照试验中，高质量的试验并没有显示出这种疗法对临床治疗效果有任何显著影响。[124]King VJ, Viswanathan M, Bordley WC, et al. Pharmacologic treatment of bronchiolitis in infants and children: a systematic review. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158:127-37.http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=485625http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14757604?tool=bestpractice.com[125]Corneli HM, Zorc JJ, Majahan P, et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of dexamethasone for bronchiolitis. N Engl J Med. 2007 Jul 26;357(4):331-9.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa071255#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17652648?tool=bestpractice.com
通过护理干预减少院内感染：低质量数据表明，集中隔离、洗手、长袍、口罩、手套和护目镜可降低细支气管炎的传播。 另外，现有指南也建议使用这些措施（特别是洗手）。[61]Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, et al; American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics. 2014 Nov;134(5):e1474-502.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/5/e1474.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25349312?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者＞200名的随机对照临床试验（RCT）。
通过护理干预减少院内感染：低质量数据表明，集中隔离、洗手、长袍、口罩、手套和护目镜可降低细支气管炎的传播。 另外，现有指南也建议使用这些措施（特别是洗手）。[61]Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, et al; American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics. 2014 Nov;134(5):e1474-502.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/5/e1474.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25349312?tool=bestpractice.com
