震颤得分:低质量的证据表明,与安慰剂相比,服用普萘洛尔1 个月后可能改善临床评分、震颤幅度及自我评估的严重程度。[20]Teravainen H, Larsen A, Fogelholm R. Comparison between the effects of pindolol and propranolol on essential tremor. Neurology. 1977;27:439-442.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/558548?tool=bestpractice.com[70]Gironell A, Kulisevsky J, Barbanoj M, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. Arch Neurol. 1999;56:475-480.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10199338?tool=bestpractice.com[71]Baruzzi A, Procaccianti G, Martinelli P, et al. Phenobarbitone and propranolol in essential tremor: a double-blind controlled clinical trial. Neurology. 1983;33:296-300.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6338416?tool=bestpractice.com[72]Tolosa ES, Loewenson RB. Essential tremor: treatment with propranolol. Neurology. 1975;25:1041-1044.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1237822?tool=bestpractice.com[73]Larsen TA, Teravainen H, Calne DB. Atenolol vs. propranolol in essential tremor. A controlled, quantitative study. Acta Neurol Scand. 1982;66:547-554.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7148397?tool=bestpractice.com[74]Winkler GF, Young RR. Efficacy of chronic propranolol therapy in action tremors of the familial, senile or essential varieties. N Engl J Med. 1974;290:984-988.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4594525?tool=bestpractice.com[75]Morgan MH, Hewer RL, Cooper R. Effect of the beta adrenergic blocking agent propranolol on essential tremor. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1973;36:618-624.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4581347?tool=bestpractice.com[76]Calzetti S, Findley LJ, Perucca E, et al. The response of essential tremor to propranolol evaluation of clinical variables governing its efficacy on prolonged administration. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1983;46:393-398.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6101174?tool=bestpractice.com[77]Calzetti S, Findley LJ, Perucca E, et al. Controlled study of metoprolol and propranolol during prolonged administration in people with essential tremor. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1982;45:893-897.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6815306?tool=bestpractice.com[78]Cleeves L, Findley LJ. Propranolol and propranolol-LA in essential tremor: a double blind comparative study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988;51:379-384.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3283296?tool=bestpractice.com[79]Jefferson D, Jenner P, Marsden CD. Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists in essential tremor. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1979;42:904-909.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/512665?tool=bestpractice.com
证据 C 震颤得分:低质量的证据表明,与安慰剂相比,服用扑米酮 4-10 周后可能改善震颤和功能。[80]Findley LJ, Cleeves L, Calzetti S. Primidone in essential tremor of the hands and head: a double blind controlled clinical study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1985;48:911-915.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3900296?tool=bestpractice.com[81]Gunal DI, Afsar N, Bekiroglu N, et al. New alternative agents in essential tremor therapy: double-blind placebo-controlled study of alprazolam and acetazolamide. Neurol Sci. 2000;21:315-317.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11286044?tool=bestpractice.com[82]Sasso E, Perucca E, Calzetti S. Double-blind comparison of primidone and phenobarbital in essential tremor. Neurology. 1988;38:808-810.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3283599?tool=bestpractice.com 系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。震颤得分:低质量的证据表明,与安慰剂相比,服用扑米酮 4-10 周后可能改善震颤和功能。[80]Findley LJ, Cleeves L, Calzetti S. Primidone in essential tremor of the hands and head: a double blind controlled clinical study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1985;48:911-915.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3900296?tool=bestpractice.com[81]Gunal DI, Afsar N, Bekiroglu N, et al. New alternative agents in essential tremor therapy: double-blind placebo-controlled study of alprazolam and acetazolamide. Neurol Sci. 2000;21:315-317.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11286044?tool=bestpractice.com[82]Sasso E, Perucca E, Calzetti S. Double-blind comparison of primidone and phenobarbital in essential tremor. Neurology. 1988;38:808-810.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3283599?tool=bestpractice.com
证据 C 震颤得分:低质量的证据表明,与安慰剂相比,加巴喷丁的功效尚不清楚。[70]Gironell A, Kulisevsky J, Barbanoj M, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. Arch Neurol. 1999;56:475-480.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10199338?tool=bestpractice.com[87]Ondo W, Hunter C, Vuong KD, et al. Gabapentin for essential tremor: a multiple-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mov Disord. 2000;15:678-682.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10928578?tool=bestpractice.com[88]Pahwa R, Lyons K, Hubble JP, et al. Double-blind controlled trial of gabapentin in essential tremor. Mov Disord. 1998;13:465-467.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9613738?tool=bestpractice.com 系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。震颤得分:低质量的证据表明,与安慰剂相比,加巴喷丁的功效尚不清楚。[70]Gironell A, Kulisevsky J, Barbanoj M, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. Arch Neurol. 1999;56:475-480.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10199338?tool=bestpractice.com[87]Ondo W, Hunter C, Vuong KD, et al. Gabapentin for essential tremor: a multiple-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mov Disord. 2000;15:678-682.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10928578?tool=bestpractice.com[88]Pahwa R, Lyons K, Hubble JP, et al. Double-blind controlled trial of gabapentin in essential tremor. Mov Disord. 1998;13:465-467.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9613738?tool=bestpractice.com
证据 C 震颤得分:低质量的证据表明,与安慰剂相比,服用阿普唑仑 2-4 周后可能改善震颤和功能。[89]Huber SJ, Paulson GW. Efficacy of alprazolam for essential tremor. Neurology. 1988;38:241-243.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3340287?tool=bestpractice.com[81]Gunal DI, Afsar N, Bekiroglu N, et al. New alternative agents in essential tremor therapy: double-blind placebo-controlled study of alprazolam and acetazolamide. Neurol Sci. 2000;21:315-317.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11286044?tool=bestpractice.com 系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。震颤得分:低质量的证据表明,与安慰剂相比,服用阿普唑仑 2-4 周后可能改善震颤和功能。[89]Huber SJ, Paulson GW. Efficacy of alprazolam for essential tremor. Neurology. 1988;38:241-243.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3340287?tool=bestpractice.com[81]Gunal DI, Afsar N, Bekiroglu N, et al. New alternative agents in essential tremor therapy: double-blind placebo-controlled study of alprazolam and acetazolamide. Neurol Sci. 2000;21:315-317.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11286044?tool=bestpractice.com
证据 C 震颤得分:低质量的证据表明,与安慰剂相比,服用托吡酯 2 周或24 周治疗后可能提高观察者评估的震颤得分。[90]Ondo WG, Jankovic J, Connor GS, et al. Topiramate in essential tremor: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology. 2006;66:672-677.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16436648?tool=bestpractice.com[91]Connor G. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of topiramate treatment for essential tremor. Neurology. 2002;59:132-134.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12105323?tool=bestpractice.com[92]Frima N, Grunewald RA. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of topiramate in essential tremor. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2006;29:94-96.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614542?tool=bestpractice.com 系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。震颤得分:低质量的证据表明,与安慰剂相比,服用托吡酯 2 周或24 周治疗后可能提高观察者评估的震颤得分。[90]Ondo WG, Jankovic J, Connor GS, et al. Topiramate in essential tremor: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology. 2006;66:672-677.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16436648?tool=bestpractice.com[91]Connor G. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of topiramate treatment for essential tremor. Neurology. 2002;59:132-134.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12105323?tool=bestpractice.com[92]Frima N, Grunewald RA. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of topiramate in essential tremor. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2006;29:94-96.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614542?tool=bestpractice.com
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