Alvarado (MANTRELS) 评分[46]Alvarado A. A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15:557-564.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3963537?tool=bestpractice.com
依据患者的临床特征来评分。满分 10 分,评分越高,急性阑尾炎的几率越大。
M:转移性右下腹痛 = 1 分
A:食欲不振 = 1 分
N:恶心和呕吐 = 1 分
T:右下腹压痛 = 2 分
R:反跳痛 = 1 分
E:体温升高 = 1 分
L:白细胞计数升高 = 2 分
S:白细胞核左移 = 1 分
急性生理性及慢性健康状况 II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, APACHE II) 评分[47]Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, et al. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985;13:818-829.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3928249?tool=bestpractice.com
APACHE 评分通常在 ICU 中被用于确定疾病严重程度,以及预测死亡风险。
急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统 II (APACHE II)
如果评分为 25 分或更高分数,则死亡风险高。现已有几种其他用于 ICU 的模型,包括APACHE III、急诊室脓毒症死亡率评分、简化急性生理评分、脓毒症相关器官功能衰竭评估和死亡概率模型 II。[48]Shapiro NI, Wolfe RE, Moore RB, et al. Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) score: a prospectively derived and validated clinical prediction rule. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:670-675.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12626967?tool=bestpractice.com[49]Knaus WA, Wagner DP, Draper EA, et al. The APACHE III prognostic system. Risk prediction of hospital mortality for critically ill hospitalized adults. Chest. 1991;100:1619-1636.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1959406?tool=bestpractice.com[50]Rivers EP, Nguyen HB, Amponsah D. Sepsis: a landscape from the emergency department to the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:968-969.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12627013?tool=bestpractice.com