儿童便秘

Rubin G, Dale A. Chronic constipation in children. BMJ. 2006 Nov 18;333(7577):1051-5.

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Benninga MA, Faure C, Hyman PE, et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: neonate/toddler. Gastroenterology. 2016 Feb 15 [Epub ahead of print].

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Hyams JS, Di Lorenzo C, Saps M, et al. Functional disorders: children and adolescents. Gastroenterology. 2016 Feb 15 [Epub ahead of print].

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1.  Rubin G, Dale A. Chronic constipation in children. BMJ. 2006 Nov 18;333(7577):1051-5.

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2.  Peeters B, Noens I, Philips EM, et al. Autism spectrum disorders in children with functional defecation disorders. J Pediatr. 2013 Sep;163(3):873-8.

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3.  McKeown C, Hisle-Gorman E, Eide M, et al. Association of constipation and fecal incontinence with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2013 Nov;132(5):e1210-5.

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4.  Lee W, Ip K, Chan J, et al. Increased prevalence of constipation in pre-school children is attributable to under-consumption of plant foods: a community-based study. J Paediatr Child Health. 2008 Apr;44(4):170-5.

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5.  Loening-Baucke V. Prevalence rates for constipation and faecal and urinary incontinence. Arch Dis Child. 2007 Jun;92(6):486-9.

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6.  van den Berg M, Benninga M, Di Lorenzo C. Epidemiology of childhood constipation: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006 Oct;101(10):2401-9.

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7.  Borowitz SM, Cox DJ, Kovatchev B, et al. Treatment of childhood constipation by primary care physicians: efficacy and predictors of outcome. Pediatrics. 2005 Apr;115(4):873-7.

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8.  Sommers T, Corban C, Sengupta N, et al. Emergency department burden of constipation in the United States from 2006 to 2011. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 Apr;110(4):572-9.

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9.  McGrath K, Caldwell P, Jones M. The frequency of constipation in children with nocturnal enuresis: a comparison with parental reporting. J Paediatr Child Health. 2008 Jan;44(1-2):19-27.

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10.  Caffarelli C, Coscia A, Baldi F, et al Characterization of irritable bowel syndrome and constipation in children with allergic diseases. Eur J Pediatr. 2007 Dec;166(12):1245-52.

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11.  Partin JC, Hamill SK, Fischel JE, et al. Painful defecation and fecal soiling in children. Pediatrics. 1992 Jun;89(6 Pt 1):1007-9.

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12.  Comas Vives A, Polanco Allue I. Case-control study of risk factors associated with constipation. The FREI Study [in Spanish]. An Pediatr (Barc). 2005 Apr;62(4):340-5.

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13.  Kokx MO, Comstock JA, Facklam RR. Streptococcal perianal disease in children. Pediatrics. 1987 Nov;80(5):659-63.

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14.  Iacono G, Carroccio A, Cavataio F, et al. Chronic constipation as a symptom of cow milk allergy. J Pediatr. 1995 Jan;126(1):34-9.

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15.  Iacono G, Bonventre S, Scalici C, et al. Food intolerance and chronic constipation: manometry and histology study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Feb;18(2):143-50.

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16.  Carroccio A, Iacono G. Review article: Chronic constipation and food hypersensitivity - an intriguing relationship. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Nov 1;24(9):1295-304.

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17.  Finkel MA. Anogenital trauma in sexually abused children. Pediatrics. 1989 Aug;84(2):317-22.

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18.  Roma E, Adamidis D, Nikolara R, et al. Diet and chronic constipation in children: the role of fiber. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1999 Feb;28(2):169-74.

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19.  Loening-Baucke V. Urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection and their resolution with treatment of chronic constipation of childhood. Pediatrics. 1997 Aug;100(2 Pt 1):228-32.

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20.  Philips EM, Peeters B, Teeuw AH, et al. Stressful life events in children with functional defecation disorders. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015 Oct;61(4):384-92.

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21.  Fishman L, Lenders C, Fortunato C, et al. Increased prevalence of constipation and fecal soiling in a population of obese children. J Pediatr. 2004 Aug;145(2):253-4.

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22.  Cunningham C, Taylor HG, Minich NM, et al. Constipation in very-low-birth-weight children at 10 to 14 years of age. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001 Jul;33(1):23-7.

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23.  Young RJ, Beerman LE, Vanderhoof JA. Increasing oral fluids in chronic constipation in children. Gastroenterol Nurs. 1998 Jul-Aug;21(4):156-61.

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24.  Papadopoulou A. Clayden GS, Booth IW. The clinical value of solid marker transit studies in childhood constipation and soiling. Eur J Pediatr. 1994 Aug;153(8):560-4.

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25.  Berger MY, Tabbers MM, Kurver MJ, et al. Value of abdominal radiography, colonic transit time, and rectal ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of idiopathic constipation in children: a systematic review. J Pediatr. 2012 Jul;161(1):44-50.e1-2.

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26.  Di Pace MR, Catalano P, Caruso AM, et al. Is rectal disimpact always necessary in children with chronic constipation? Evaluation with pelvic ultrasound. Pediatr Surg Int. 2010 Jun;26(6):601-6.

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27.  Benninga MA, Faure C, Hyman PE, et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: neonate/toddler. Gastroenterology. 2016 Feb 15 [Epub ahead of print].

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28.  Hyams JS, Di Lorenzo C, Saps M, et al. Functional disorders: children and adolescents. Gastroenterology. 2016 Feb 15 [Epub ahead of print].

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29.  Clayden GS, Keshtgar AS, Carcani-Rathwell I, et al. The management of chronic constipation and related faecal incontinence in childhood. Arch Dis Child Ed Pract. 2005;90:ep58-67.

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30.  Tabbers MM, Boluyt N, Berger MY, et al. Nonpharmacologic treatments for childhood constipation: systematic review. Pediatrics. 2011 Oct;128(4):753-61.

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31.  Gordon M, MacDonald JK, Parker CE, et al. Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(8):CD009118.

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32.  Lee-Robichaud H, Thomas K, Morgan J, et al. Lactulose versus polyethylene glycol for chronic constipation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jul 7;(7):CD007570.

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33.  Zurad EG, Johanson JF. Over-the-counter laxative polyethylene glycol 3350: an evidence-based appraisal. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011 Jul;27(7):1439-52.

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34.  Wang Y, Wang B, Jiang X, et al. Polyethylene glycol 4000 treatment for children with constipation: a randomized comparative multicenter study. Exp Ther Med. 2012 May;3(5):853-6.

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35.  Gomes PB, Duarte MA, Melo Mdo C. Comparison of the effectiveness of polyethylene glycol 4000 without electrolytes and magnesium hydroxide in the treatment of chronic functional constipation in children. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011 Jan-Feb;87(1):24-8.

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36.  Mendoza J, Legido J, Rubio S, et al. Systematic review: the adverse effects of sodium phosphate enema. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Jul 1;26(1):9-20.

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37.  Candy DC, Edwards D, Geraint M. Treatment of faecal impaction with polyethylene glycol plus electrolytes (PEG + E) followed by a double-blind comparison of PEG + E versus lactulose as maintenance therapy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006 Jul;43(1):65-70.

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38.  Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: evidence-based recommendations from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014 Feb;58(2):258-74.

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39.  Church JT, Simha S, Wild LC, et al. Antegrade continence enemas improve quality of life in patients with medically-refractory encopresis. J Pediatr Surg. 2017 May;52(5):778-82.

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40.  Keshtgar AS, Ward HC, Clayden GS, et al. Role of anal dilatation in treatment of idiopathic constipation in children: long-term follow-up of a double-blind randomized controlled study. Pediatr Surg Int. 2005 Feb;21(2):100-5.

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41.  Lin LW, Fu YT, Dunning T, et al. Efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine for the management of constipation: a systematic review. J Altern Complement Med. 2009 Dec;15(12):1335-46.

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42.  Mugie SM, Korczowski B, Bodi P, et al. Prucalopride is no more effective than placebo for children with functional constipation. Gastroenterology. 2014 Dec;147(6):1285-95.e1.

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43.  Irani K, Rodriguez L, Doody DP, et al. Botulinum toxin for the treatment of chronic constipation in children with internal anal sphincter dysfunction. Pediatr Surg Int. 2008 Jul;24(7):779-83.

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44.  Indrio F, Di Mauro A, Riezzo G, et al. Prophylactic use of a probiotic in the prevention of colic, regurgitation, and functional constipation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Mar;168(3):228-33.

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45.  Macfarlane S, Macfarlane GT, Cummings JH. Review article: prebiotics in the gastrointestinal tract. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Sep 1;24(5):701-14.

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46.  Banaszkiewicz A, Szajewska H. Probiotics in the treatment of constipation: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Pediatria Współczesna. 2005;7:9-14.

47.  Ford AC, Quigley EM, Lacy BE, et al. Efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct;109(10):1547-61.

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48.  Lu ML, He J, Lu S. Electrical stimulation therapy for slow transit constipation in children: a systematic review. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2015 May;30(5):697-702.

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49.  Sulkowski JP, Nacion KM, Deans KJ, et al. Sacral nerve stimulation: a promising therapy for fecal and urinary incontinence and constipation in children. J Pediatr Surg. 2015 Oct;50(10):1644-7.

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50.  van Ginkel R, Reitsma JB, Büller HA, et al. Childhood constipation: longitudinal follow-up beyond puberty. Gastroenterology. 2003 Aug;125(2):357-63.

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51.  Staiano A, Andreotti MR, Greco L, et al. Long-term follow-up of children with chronic idiopathic constipation. Dig Dis Sci. 1994 Mar;39(3):561-4.

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52.  Zanetti G, Marchiori E, Gasparetto TD, et al. Lipoid pneumonia in children following aspiration of mineral oil used in the treatment of constipation: high-resolution CT findings in 17 patients. Pediatric Radiol. 2007 Nov;37(11):1135-9.

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