他莫昔芬的不良反应:有高质量证据表明转移性乳腺癌患者对此耐受性好,<3% 的女性因其毒性而需停药。[48]Fossati R, Confalonieri C, Torri V, et al. Cytotoxic and hormonal treatment for metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review of published randomised trials involving 31,510 women. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:3439-3460.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9779724?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
他莫昔芬的不良反应:有高质量证据表明转移性乳腺癌患者对此耐受性好,<3% 的女性因其毒性而需停药。[48]Fossati R, Confalonieri C, Torri V, et al. Cytotoxic and hormonal treatment for metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review of published randomised trials involving 31,510 women. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:3439-3460.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9779724?tool=bestpractice.com
预后:有高质量的证据表明,无病间隔期长、激素受体阳性、肿瘤未累及内脏、局限期病变、人表皮生长因子受体-2 (HER2) 阴性的患者较与此相反的患者而言,预后更好。[44]Winer EP, Morrow M, Osborne CK, et al. Malignant tumors of the breast. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2001.
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
预后:有高质量的证据表明,无病间隔期长、激素受体阳性、肿瘤未累及内脏、局限期病变、人表皮生长因子受体-2 (HER2) 阴性的患者较与此相反的患者而言,预后更好。[44]Winer EP, Morrow M, Osborne CK, et al. Malignant tumors of the breast. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2001.
芳香化酶抑药物用于未经内分泌治疗的绝经后转移性乳腺癌患者:有中等质量的证据表明,阿那曲唑作为绝经后激素受体阳性转移性乳腺癌女性一线治疗时,在出现进展的时间 (time to progression, TTP) 方面至少等同于他莫昔芬,且来曲唑相比他莫昔芬来说,显著延长出现进展的时间,但与他莫昔芬相比,在总生存方面无明显差异。[54]Bonneterre J, Thurlimann B, Robertson JF, et al. Anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in 668 postmenopausal women: results of the tamoxifen or Arimidex randomised group efficacy and tolerability study. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:3748-3757.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11078487?tool=bestpractice.com[55]Nabholtz JM, Buzdar A, Pollak M, et al. Anastrozole is superior to tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: results of a North American multicentre randomised trial. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:3758-3767.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11078488?tool=bestpractice.com[56]Mouridsen H, Gershanovich M, Sun Y, et al. Phase III study of letrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: analysis of survival and update of efficacy from the International Letrozole Breast Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2101-2109.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775735?tool=bestpractice.com[57]Mouridsen H, Gershanovich M, Sun Y, et al. Superior efficacy of letrozole (Femara) versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of a phase III study of the International Letrozole Breast Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:2596-2606.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11352951?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
芳香化酶抑药物用于未经内分泌治疗的绝经后转移性乳腺癌患者:有中等质量的证据表明,阿那曲唑作为绝经后激素受体阳性转移性乳腺癌女性一线治疗时,在出现进展的时间 (time to progression, TTP) 方面至少等同于他莫昔芬,且来曲唑相比他莫昔芬来说,显著延长出现进展的时间,但与他莫昔芬相比,在总生存方面无明显差异。[54]Bonneterre J, Thurlimann B, Robertson JF, et al. Anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in 668 postmenopausal women: results of the tamoxifen or Arimidex randomised group efficacy and tolerability study. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:3748-3757.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11078487?tool=bestpractice.com[55]Nabholtz JM, Buzdar A, Pollak M, et al. Anastrozole is superior to tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: results of a North American multicentre randomised trial. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:3758-3767.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11078488?tool=bestpractice.com[56]Mouridsen H, Gershanovich M, Sun Y, et al. Phase III study of letrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women: analysis of survival and update of efficacy from the International Letrozole Breast Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2101-2109.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775735?tool=bestpractice.com[57]Mouridsen H, Gershanovich M, Sun Y, et al. Superior efficacy of letrozole (Femara) versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of a phase III study of the International Letrozole Breast Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:2596-2606.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11352951?tool=bestpractice.com
(手术或放射)卵巢去势与绝经前转移性乳腺癌女性中药物去势:有中等质量证据表明,戈那瑞林类似物与手术(或放射)卵巢去势作为该组患者一线治疗时,二者的存活率无差异。[66]Taylor CW, Green S, Dalton WS, et al. Multicenter randomized clinical trial of goserelin versus surgical ovariectomy in premenopausal patients with receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: an intergroup study. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:994-999.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9508182?tool=bestpractice.com[67]Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Perotta A, et al. Ovarian ablation versus goserelin with or without tamoxifen in pre-perimenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer: results of a multicentric Italian study. Ann Oncol.1994;5:337-342.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8075030?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
(手术或放射)卵巢去势与绝经前转移性乳腺癌女性中药物去势:有中等质量证据表明,戈那瑞林类似物与手术(或放射)卵巢去势作为该组患者一线治疗时,二者的存活率无差异。[66]Taylor CW, Green S, Dalton WS, et al. Multicenter randomized clinical trial of goserelin versus surgical ovariectomy in premenopausal patients with receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: an intergroup study. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:994-999.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9508182?tool=bestpractice.com[67]Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Perotta A, et al. Ovarian ablation versus goserelin with or without tamoxifen in pre-perimenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer: results of a multicentric Italian study. Ann Oncol.1994;5:337-342.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8075030?tool=bestpractice.com
(手术或放射)卵巢去势与绝经前转移性乳腺癌女性中应用他莫昔芬:有中等质量证据表明,(手术或放射)卵巢去势与该组患者中应用他莫昔芬做为一线治疗时,二者的有效率、有效时间或存活时间无显著差异。[68]Crump M, Sawka CA, DeBoer G, et al. An individual patient-based meta-analysis of tamoxifen versus ovarian ablation as first-line endocrine therapy for premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1997;44:201-210.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9266099?tool=bestpractice.com[69]Sawka CA, Pritchard KI, Shelley W, et al. A randomized crossover trial of tamoxifen versus ovarian ablation for metastatic breast cancer in premenopausal women: a report of the National Cancer Institute of Canada clinical trials group trial MA1. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1997;44:211-215.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9266100?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
(手术或放射)卵巢去势与绝经前转移性乳腺癌女性中应用他莫昔芬:有中等质量证据表明,(手术或放射)卵巢去势与该组患者中应用他莫昔芬做为一线治疗时,二者的有效率、有效时间或存活时间无显著差异。[68]Crump M, Sawka CA, DeBoer G, et al. An individual patient-based meta-analysis of tamoxifen versus ovarian ablation as first-line endocrine therapy for premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1997;44:201-210.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9266099?tool=bestpractice.com[69]Sawka CA, Pritchard KI, Shelley W, et al. A randomized crossover trial of tamoxifen versus ovarian ablation for metastatic breast cancer in premenopausal women: a report of the National Cancer Institute of Canada clinical trials group trial MA1. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1997;44:211-215.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9266100?tool=bestpractice.com
总有效率:有中等质量临床证据表明,相比非紫杉烷类联合治疗来说,紫杉烷类为主的化疗作为转移性乳腺癌女性一线或二线治疗时,在提高总有效率及延长疾病进展时间方面更为有效。
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
总有效率:有中等质量临床证据表明,相比非紫杉烷类联合治疗来说,紫杉烷类为主的化疗作为转移性乳腺癌女性一线或二线治疗时,在提高总有效率及延长疾病进展时间方面更为有效。