正常人群中罕见高胰岛素性低血糖。在接受降糖治疗的患者中,更为普遍的是医源性或人为低血糖。胰岛素瘤的发生率大约为 0.4/100,000 人/年,在儿童中更为罕见。[3]Service FJ, McMahon MM, O'Brien PC, et al. Functioning insulinoma - incidence, recurrence and long term survival of patients: a 60 year study. Mayo Clin Proc. 1991;66:711-719.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1677058?tool=bestpractice.com一项大型队列研究发现,进行胰岛素瘤手术患者中位年龄为 47 岁,其中多为女性患者,占59%。男性和女性诊断或手术时年龄无差异。[4]Karachaliou R, Vlachopapadopoulou E, Kaldrymidis P, et al. Malignant insulinoma in childhood. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2006;19:757-760.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16789643?tool=bestpractice.com早产儿或低出生体重儿低血糖发生率较足月生产正常体重婴儿高。[5]Joanna Briggs Institute. Management of asymptomatic hypoglycaemia in neonates. Nurs Stand. 2007;22:35-38.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18494445?tool=bestpractice.com由于在胃和空肠排空改变的情况下胰岛素应答不当,胃旁路手术的患者低血糖发生率增加。[6]Service GJ, Thompson GB, Service FJ, et al. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with nesidioblastosis after gastric-bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:249-254.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa043690#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16034010?tool=bestpractice.com