阴茎康复
在勃起恢复中,阴茎康复是一个新兴的话题。许多医生会在前列腺术后或放疗后对患者进行主动治疗以最大程度减轻ED。[67]Salonia A, Adaikan G, Buvat J, et al. Sexual rehabilitation after treatment for prostate cancer-part 2: recommendations from the Fourth International Consultation for Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2015). J Sex Med. 2017 Mar;14(3):297-315.https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.11.324http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28262100?tool=bestpractice.com 这些治疗可能包括每日应用磷酸二酯酶-5 (PDE5) 抑制剂、真空装置或者常规应用血管活性药物阴茎内注射,以增加血流并最大程度减轻性生活不活跃期间出现的阴茎萎缩。[94]Montorsi F, Brock G, Stolzenburg JU, et al. Effects of tadalafil treatment on erectile function recovery following bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: a randomised placebo-controlled study (REACTT). Eur Urol. 2014 Mar;65(3):587-96.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24169081?tool=bestpractice.com 但是,有不同意见的学者提出阴茎康复并不如宣传得那样有效。[95]Philippou YA, Jung JH, Steggall MJ, et al. Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Oct 23;(10):CD012414.https://www.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012414.pub2http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352488?tool=bestpractice.com 这是否增加或减少勃起功能障碍的疗效仍有待观察,[96]Pisansky TM, Pugh SL, Greenberg RE, et al. Tadalafil for prevention of erectile dysfunction after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group [0831] randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014 Apr 2;311(13):1300-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24691606?tool=bestpractice.com 因为研究的结果不一致。REACTT 试验显示他达拉非对阴茎康复治疗没有长期获益。 [94]Montorsi F, Brock G, Stolzenburg JU, et al. Effects of tadalafil treatment on erectile function recovery following bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: a randomised placebo-controlled study (REACTT). Eur Urol. 2014 Mar;65(3):587-96.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24169081?tool=bestpractice.com
PT-141
中枢黑皮质素 (melanocortin, MC) 受体的激活可能发出阴茎勃起信号或调节阴茎勃起,同时被证实是常规治疗方法的一个替代性选择。 PT-141是MC的超高效激动剂,并且已经在人体II期临床试验中被应用。[97]King SH, Mayorov AV, Balse-Srinivasan P, et al. Melanocortin receptors, melanotropic peptides and penile erection. Curr Top Med Chem. 2007;7(11):1098-1106.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17584130?tool=bestpractice.com 观察到该药对于改善ED疗效显著,并且药物的耐受性和不良反应都在可接受范围之内。 对于PDE5抑制剂无效的患者来说,这种药物不失为另一种治疗选择。[98]Rosen RC, Diamond LE, Earle DC, et al. Evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy male subjects and in patients with an inadequate response to viagra. Int J Impot Res. 2004 Apr;16(2):135-42.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14999221?tool=bestpractice.com
鼻内布雷默浪丹
对口服 PDE5 抑制剂无反应的男性而言,可能是改善 ED 的另一种治疗选择。 在ED患者中,需要进一步的研究来证实该药的有效性。[99]Safarinejad MR, Hosseini SY. Salvage of sildenafil failures with bremelanotide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. J Urol. 2008 Mar;179(3):1066-71.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18206919?tool=bestpractice.com
基因疗法
对基础疾病的治疗已经成为ED新兴疗法的重点。 虽然基因疗法的安全问题和费用问题仍然没有解决,但是基因疗法是一种具有潜力的疗法。 阴茎的独特性和仅暴露内皮细胞从而可以达到局部用药,使得基因治疗十分具有吸引力。[100]Yoshimura N, Kato R, Chancellor MB, et al. Gene therapy as future treatment of erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2010 Sep;10(9):1305-14.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3064945/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20662742?tool=bestpractice.com
针灸
没有足够的证据来证实针灸是一种有效治疗ED的疗法。[101]Cui X, Zhou J, Qin Z, et al. Acupuncture for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review. Biomed Res Int. 2016 Jan 17;2016:2171923.https://www.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2171923http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26885501?tool=bestpractice.com
硫化氢
在性功能支持方面是一种新兴的药物。[102]Liaw RL, Srilatha B, Adaikan PG. Effects of hydrogen sulfide on erectile function and its possible mechanism(s) of action. J Sex Med. 2011 Jul;8(7):1853-64.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21492403?tool=bestpractice.com