酸性尿液中的肌红蛋白被认为对肾小管具有毒性。一些证据表明尿液 pH 值>6.0 具有保护作用。[19]Heppenstall R, Spega A, Scott R, et al. The compartment syndrome: an experimental and clinical study of muscular energy metabolism using phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988;226:138-155.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3275510?tool=bestpractice.com[20]Braun S, Weiss F, Keller A, et al. Evaluation of the renal toxicity of heme proteins and their derivatives: a role in the genesis of acute tubular necrosis. J Exp Med. 1970;131:443-460.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5413325?tool=bestpractice.com如果不使用大量碳酸氢盐,就很难实现这一水平。尽管许多专家推荐进行尿碱性化,但对于其使用的获益缺乏坚实的循证支持。[17]Foot CL, Fraser JF. Uroscopic rainbow: modern matula medicine. Postgrad Med J. 2006;82:126-129.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16461475?tool=bestpractice.com[20]Braun S, Weiss F, Keller A, et al. Evaluation of the renal toxicity of heme proteins and their derivatives: a role in the genesis of acute tubular necrosis. J Exp Med. 1970;131:443-460.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5413325?tool=bestpractice.com[21]Shapiro ML, Baldea A, Luchette FA. Rhabdomyolysis in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med. 2012;27:335-342.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21436168?tool=bestpractice.com
在欧洲的诊疗方案中,引用的碳酸氢盐疗法支持证据有限。BAPEN: British consensus guidelines on intravenous fluid therapy for adult surgical patients
如果做出尝试尿碱性化的临床决定,应考虑进行药学咨询,以确定适当的持续静脉注射疗法药物组合。