抗抑郁药
三环抗抑郁药和选择性5-羟色胺再吸收抑制剂可缓解颞下颌关节紊乱综合征患者的疼痛。[26]Cascos-Romero J, Vazquez-Delgado E, Vazquez-Rodriguez E, et al. The use of tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders: systematic review of the literature of the last 20 years. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009;14:E3-E7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19114953?tool=bestpractice.com
透明质酸
一项系统性综述发现,在关节腔内注射透明质酸对于颞下颌关节功能紊乱具有良好的效果;然而,需要更多的研究来证实这一结果。[27]Escoda-Francoli J, Vázquez-Delgado E, Gay-Escoda C. Scientific evidence on the usefulness of intraarticular hyaluronic acid injection in the management of temporomandibular dysfunction. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15:e644-e648.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20173728?tool=bestpractice.com
针灸
一些研究评估了针灸治疗颞下颌关节紊乱综合征的有效性。在一些随机研究中发现针灸可减轻疼痛,但需更多试验来证实这一结果。[28]Ernst E, White AR. Acupuncture as a treatment for temporomandibular joint dysfunction: a systematic review of randomized trials. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;125:269-272.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10190797?tool=bestpractice.com[29]Fink M, Rosted P, Bernateck M, et al. Acupuncture in the treatment of painful dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint - a review of the literature. Forsch Komplementarmed. 2006;13:109-115.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645291?tool=bestpractice.com[30]Cho SH, Whang WW. Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review. J Orofac Pain. 2010;24:152-162.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20401353?tool=bestpractice.com这种疼痛缓解通常是短期的。[31]La Touche R, Angulo-Diaz-Parreno S, de-la-Hoz JL, et al. Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin: a systematic review of the last decade. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16:107-112.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20038262?tool=bestpractice.com[32]La Touche R, Goddard G, De-la-Hoz JL, et al. Acupuncture in the treatment of pain in temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin J Pain. 2010;26:541-550.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551730?tool=bestpractice.com这些研究大多没有设置安慰剂对照或有其他方法上的问题。针灸有助于通过释放脊髓背角的内源性阿片以及血清素和去甲肾上腺素来缓解疼痛。[28]Ernst E, White AR. Acupuncture as a treatment for temporomandibular joint dysfunction: a systematic review of randomized trials. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;125:269-272.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10190797?tool=bestpractice.com有特定的穴位被用于治疗颞下颌关节紊乱综合征。[33]Rosted P. Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies. Oral Dis. 2001;7:109-115.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11355435?tool=bestpractice.com针灸治疗可以每周给予一次,共6周,并可用来作为传统颞下颌关节紊乱综合征治疗的辅助疗法。[33]Rosted P. Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies. Oral Dis. 2001;7:109-115.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11355435?tool=bestpractice.com
低剂量激光疗法
低剂量激光疗法已用于治疗颞下颌关节紊乱综合征,但其结果不尽相同并有争议。需要进一步的研究来证实这种方法的疗效。[34]Melis M, Di Giosia M, Zawawi KH. Low level laser therapy for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review of the literature. Cranio. 2012;30:304-312.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23156972?tool=bestpractice.com