免疫功能低下、肠病毒 71 (EV71) 感染或出现并发症的患者
并发症罕见。EV71 感染并发症包括无菌性脑膜炎、脑炎、脑脊髓炎、肺水肿、肺出血、心肌炎、类脊髓灰质炎综合征和死亡。[9]Chang LY, Tsao KC, Hsia SH, et al. Transmission and clinical features of enterovirus 71 infections in household contacts in Taiwan. JAMA. 2004;291:222-227.http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/291/2/222http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14722149?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Chang LY, Huang LM, Gau SS, et al. Neurodevelopment and cognition in children after enterovirus 71 infection. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1226-1234.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa065954#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17377160?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Chang LY, Lin TY, Huang YC, et al. Comparison of enterovirus 71 and coxsackie-virus A16 clinical illnesses during the Taiwan enterovirus epidemic, 1998. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18:1092-1096.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10608631?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Lee TC, Guo HR, Su HJ, et al. Diseases caused by enterovirus 71 infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:904-910.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20118685?tool=bestpractice.com 这些患者需要住院和针对并发症的支持治疗。免疫功能低下患者的症状较为严重,病程较长,但一项病例研究的结果表明口服阿昔洛韦对该感染有效。[17]Faulkner CF, Godbolt AM, DeAmbrosis B, et al. Hand, foot and mouth disease in an immunocompromised adult treated with aciclovir. Australas J Dermatol. 2003;44:203-206.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869047?tool=bestpractice.com