病毒分类
手足口病是由某些肠病毒感染引起的。其中最常见的是柯萨奇病毒。柯萨奇病毒 A16 是最为常见的病原体,但 A4-A7、A9 和 A10 感染也可引起手足口病。[1]Robinson CR, Doane FW, Rhodes AJ. Report of an outbreak of febrile illness with pharyngeal lesions and exanthem: Toronto, summer 1957; isolation of group A Coxsackie virus. Can Med Assoc J. 1958;79:615-621.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1830188/pdf/canmedaj00791-0002.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13585281?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Alsop J, Flewett TH, Foster JR. "Hand-foot-and-mouth disease" in Birmingham in 1959. Br Med J. 1960;2:1708-1711.http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=2098292&blobtype=pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13682692?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Miller GD, Tindall JP. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease. JAMA. 1968;203:827-830.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5694203?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Chang LY, King CC, Hsu KH, et al. Risk factors of enterovirus 71 infection and associated hand, foot, and mouth disease/herpangina in children during an epidemic in Taiwan. Pediatrics. 2002;109:e88.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/109/6/e88http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12042582?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Ishimaru Y, Nakano S, Yamaoka K, et al. Outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease by enterovirus 71. High incidence of complication disorders of central nervous system. Arch Dis Child. 1980;55:583-588.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1627055/pdf/archdisch00778-0009.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254449?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Dolin R. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease. In: Freedberg I, ed. Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2003:2049-2052.
肠病毒 71 (EV71) 也可引起此疾病,但通常症状更为严重。[1]Robinson CR, Doane FW, Rhodes AJ. Report of an outbreak of febrile illness with pharyngeal lesions and exanthem: Toronto, summer 1957; isolation of group A Coxsackie virus. Can Med Assoc J. 1958;79:615-621.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1830188/pdf/canmedaj00791-0002.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13585281?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Alsop J, Flewett TH, Foster JR. "Hand-foot-and-mouth disease" in Birmingham in 1959. Br Med J. 1960;2:1708-1711.http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=2098292&blobtype=pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13682692?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Miller GD, Tindall JP. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease. JAMA. 1968;203:827-830.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5694203?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Chang LY, King CC, Hsu KH, et al. Risk factors of enterovirus 71 infection and associated hand, foot, and mouth disease/herpangina in children during an epidemic in Taiwan. Pediatrics. 2002;109:e88.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/109/6/e88http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12042582?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Ishimaru Y, Nakano S, Yamaoka K, et al. Outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease by enterovirus 71. High incidence of complication disorders of central nervous system. Arch Dis Child. 1980;55:583-588.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1627055/pdf/archdisch00778-0009.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6254449?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Dolin R. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease. In: Freedberg I, ed. Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2003:2049-2052.[7]Weston WL, Lane AT, Morelli JG. Color textbook of pediatric dermatology. 3rd ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby Inc.; 2002:108-109.[8]Krafchik BR, Tellier R. Viral exanthems. In: Harper J, Oranje A, Prose N, eds. Textbook of pediatric dermatology. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. 2005:415-416.[9]Chang LY, Tsao KC, Hsia SH, et al. Transmission and clinical features of enterovirus 71 infections in household contacts in Taiwan. JAMA. 2004;291:222-227.http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/291/2/222http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14722149?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Chang LY, Huang LM, Gau SS, et al. Neurodevelopment and cognition in children after enterovirus 71 infection. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1226-1234.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa065954#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17377160?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Chang LY, Lin TY, Huang YC, et al. Comparison of enterovirus 71 and coxsackie-virus A16 clinical illnesses during the Taiwan enterovirus epidemic, 1998. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18:1092-1096.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10608631?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Lee TC, Guo HR, Su HJ, et al. Diseases caused by enterovirus 71 infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:904-910.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20118685?tool=bestpractice.com
肠病毒属于小 RNA 病毒科,该病毒属还包括脊髓灰质炎病毒、柯萨奇病毒(A 型和 B 型)和埃可病毒。病毒主分类中尚未收录近期发现的肠病毒,但这些病毒已有编号(即,血清型 68 至 71)。