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Bong GW, Koo HP. The adolescent varicocele: to treat or not to treat. Urol Clin North Am. 2004;31:509-515.

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American Urological Association; American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Report on varicocele and infertility. April 2001. http://www.auanet.org (last accessed 25 October 2016).

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French DB, Desai NR, Agarwal A. Varicocele repair: does it still have a role in infertility treatment? Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2008;20:269-274.

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Çayan S, Shavakhabov S, Kadioğlu A. Treatment of palpable varicocele in infertile men: a meta-analysis to define the best technique. J Androl. 2009;30:33-40.

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Esposito C, Valla JS, Najmaldin A, et al. Incidence and management of hydrocele following varicocele surgery in children. J Urol. 2004;171:1271-1273.

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19.  Bong GW, Koo HP. The adolescent varicocele: to treat or not to treat. Urol Clin North Am. 2004;31:509-515.

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26.  American Urological Association; American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Report on varicocele and infertility. April 2001. http://www.auanet.org (last accessed 25 October 2016).

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27.  Smit M, Dohle GR, Hop WC, et al. Clinical correlates of the biological variation of sperm DNA fragmentation in infertile men attending an andrology outpatient clinic. Int J Androl. 2007;30:48-55.

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28.  Dada R, Venkatesh S, Kumar K, et al. Re: Decreased sperm DNA fragmentation after surgical varicocelectomy is associated with increased pregnancy rate: M. Smit, J. C. Romijn, M. W. Wildhagen, J. L. Veldhoven, R. F. Weber and G. R. Dohle J Urol 2010; 183: 270-274. J Urol. 2010;184:1577.

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29.  Zini A, Dohle G. Are varicoceles associated with increased deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation? Fertil Steril. 2011;96:1283-1287.

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30.  Baker K, McGill J, Sharma R, et al. Pregnancy after varicocelectomy: impact of postoperative motility and DFI. Urology. 2013;81:760-766.

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31.  Wang YJ, Zhang RQ, Lin YJ, et al. Relationship between varicocele and sperm DNA damage and the effect of varicocele repair: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2012;25:307-314.

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32.  Smit M, Romijn JC, Wildhagen MF, et al. Decreased sperm DNA fragmentation after surgical varicocelectomy is associated with increased pregnancy rate. J Urol. 2013;189(suppl 1):S146-S150.

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38.  Kroese AC, de Lange NM, Collins J, et al. Surgery or embolization for varicoceles in subfertile men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(10):CD000479.

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39.  Çayan S, Shavakhabov S, Kadioğlu A. Treatment of palpable varicocele in infertile men: a meta-analysis to define the best technique. J Androl. 2009;30:33-40.

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40.  Al-Said S, Al-Naimi A, Al-Ansari A, Y, et al. Varicocelectomy for male infertility: a comparative study of open, laparoscopic and microsurgical approaches. J Urol. 2008;180:266-270.

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41.  Borruto FA, Impellizzeri P, Antonuccio P, et al. Laparoscopic vs open varicocelectomy in children and adolescents: review of the recent literature and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45:2464-2469.

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42.  Ding H, Tian J, Du W, et al. Open non-microsurgical, laparoscopic or open microsurgical varicocelectomy for male infertility: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BJU Int. 2012;110:1536-1542.

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43.  Thomas JC, Elder JS. Testicular growth arrest and adolescent varicocele: does varicocele size make a difference? J Urol. 2002;168:1689-1691.

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44.  Li F, Chiba K, Yamaguchi K, et al. Effect of varicocelectomy on testicular volume in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Urology. 2012;79:1340-1345.

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45.  Esteves SC, Roque M, Agarwal A. Outcome of assisted reproductive technology in men with treated and untreated varicocele: systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Androl. 2016;18:254-258.

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46.  Schlesinger MH, Wilets IF, Nagler HM. Treatment outcome after varicocelectomy. A critical analysis. Urol Clin North Am. 1994;21:517-529.

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47.  Marmar JL, Agarwal A, Prabakaran S, et al. Reassessing the value of varicocelectomy as a treatment for male subfertility with a new meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2007;88:639-648.

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48.  Agarwal A, Deepinder F, Cocuzza M, et al. Efficacy of varicocelectomy in improving semen parameters: new meta-analytical approach. Urology. 2007;70:532-538.

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49.  Kumar A, Garg M, Goel A. Re: Hsiao et al.: varicocelectomy is associated with increases in serum testosterone independent of clinical grade (Urology 2013;81:1213-1218). Urology. 2013;82:748-749.

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50.  Weedin JW, Khera M, Lipshultz LI. Varicocele repair in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia: a meta-analysis. J Urol. 2010;183:2309-2315.

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51.  Schauer I, Madersbacher S, Jost R, et al. The impact of varicocelectomy on sperm parameters: a meta-analysis. J Urol. 2012;187:1540-1547.

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52.  Li F, Yue H, Yamaguchi K, et al. Effect of surgical repair on testosterone production in infertile men with varicocele: a meta-analysis. Int J Urol. 2012;19:149-154.

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53.  Baazeem A, Belzile E, Ciampi A, et al. Varicocele and male factor infertility treatment: a new meta-analysis and review of the role of varicocele repair. Eur Urol. 2011;60:796-808.

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54.  Kirby EW, Wiener LE, Rajanahally S, et al. Undergoing varicocele repair before assisted reproduction improves pregnancy rate and live birth rate in azoospermic and oligospermic men with a varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2016 Aug 12 [Epub ahead of print].

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55.  Esposito C, Valla JS, Najmaldin A, et al. Incidence and management of hydrocele following varicocele surgery in children. J Urol. 2004;171:1271-1273.

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56.  Misseri R, Gershbein AB, Horowitz M, et al. The adolescent varicocele. II: the incidence of hydrocele and delayed recurrent varicocele after varicocelectomy in a long-term follow-up. BJU Int. 2001;87:494-498.

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