抑郁症状严重程度降低:有高质量证据表明,亮光疗法和日出模拟可有效治疗季节性情感障碍。[60]Golden RN, Gaynes BN, Ekstrom RD, et al. The efficacy of light therapy in the treatment of mood disorders: a review and meta-analysis of the evidence. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Apr;162(4):656-62.http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.4.656http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15800134?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
抑郁症状严重程度降低:有高质量证据表明,亮光疗法和日出模拟可有效治疗季节性情感障碍。[60]Golden RN, Gaynes BN, Ekstrom RD, et al. The efficacy of light therapy in the treatment of mood disorders: a review and meta-analysis of the evidence. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Apr;162(4):656-62.http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.4.656http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15800134?tool=bestpractice.com
症状改善:有中等质量证据表明,光疗和氟西汀(20 mg/天)的疗效相当,并且在伴有季节性(冬季)重性抑郁障碍人群中耐受性良好。[55]Lam RW, Levitt AJ, Levitan RD, et al. The Can-SAD study: a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of light therapy and fluoxetine in patients with winter seasonal affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 May;163(5):805-12.http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.5.805http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16648320?tool=bestpractice.com[56]Ruhrmann S, Kasper S, Hawellek B, et al. Effects of fluoxetine versus bright light in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Psychol Med. 1998 Jul;28(4):923-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9723147?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状改善:有中等质量证据表明,光疗和氟西汀(20 mg/天)的疗效相当,并且在伴有季节性(冬季)重性抑郁障碍人群中耐受性良好。[55]Lam RW, Levitt AJ, Levitan RD, et al. The Can-SAD study: a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of light therapy and fluoxetine in patients with winter seasonal affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 May;163(5):805-12.http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.5.805http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16648320?tool=bestpractice.com[56]Ruhrmann S, Kasper S, Hawellek B, et al. Effects of fluoxetine versus bright light in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Psychol Med. 1998 Jul;28(4):923-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9723147?tool=bestpractice.com
汉密尔顿抑郁量表得分下降:有中等质量证据表明,氟西汀(20 mg/日)联合安慰剂光照 5 周,或者强光照射(3000 lux,2 小时/日)联合安慰剂药物治疗 5 周,可降低抑郁评分,并且耐受性良好。[56]Ruhrmann S, Kasper S, Hawellek B, et al. Effects of fluoxetine versus bright light in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Psychol Med. 1998 Jul;28(4):923-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9723147?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
汉密尔顿抑郁量表得分下降:有中等质量证据表明,氟西汀(20 mg/日)联合安慰剂光照 5 周,或者强光照射(3000 lux,2 小时/日)联合安慰剂药物治疗 5 周,可降低抑郁评分,并且耐受性良好。[56]Ruhrmann S, Kasper S, Hawellek B, et al. Effects of fluoxetine versus bright light in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Psychol Med. 1998 Jul;28(4):923-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9723147?tool=bestpractice.com
抑郁评分降低:有中等质量证据表明,与使用安慰剂相比,使用氟西汀治疗伴有季节性(冬季)复发性重性抑郁发作患者时,在 5 周后抑郁评分降低,但该差异不具有统计学意义。[64]Lam RW, Gorman CP, Michalon M, et al. Multicenter, placebo-controlled study of fluoxetine in seasonal affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Dec;152(12):1765-70.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8526243?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
抑郁评分降低:有中等质量证据表明,与使用安慰剂相比,使用氟西汀治疗伴有季节性(冬季)复发性重性抑郁发作患者时,在 5 周后抑郁评分降低,但该差异不具有统计学意义。[64]Lam RW, Gorman CP, Michalon M, et al. Multicenter, placebo-controlled study of fluoxetine in seasonal affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Dec;152(12):1765-70.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8526243?tool=bestpractice.com
临床总体印象 (CGI) 量表评分的提高:有中等质量证据表明,与安慰剂相比,舍曲林对季节性复发性冬季抑郁门诊患者进行 8 周治疗后,能够显著提高 CGI 评分。[65]Moscovitch A, Blashko CA, Eagles JM, et al. A placebo-controlled study of sertraline in the treatment of outpatients with seasonal affective disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 Feb;171(4):390-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14504682?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
临床总体印象 (CGI) 量表评分的提高:有中等质量证据表明,与安慰剂相比,舍曲林对季节性复发性冬季抑郁门诊患者进行 8 周治疗后,能够显著提高 CGI 评分。[65]Moscovitch A, Blashko CA, Eagles JM, et al. A placebo-controlled study of sertraline in the treatment of outpatients with seasonal affective disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 Feb;171(4):390-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14504682?tool=bestpractice.com
治疗后无抑郁率:有中等质量证据表明,与安慰剂相比,季节性情感障碍患者每天接受 150 -300 mg 预防性丁胺苯丙酮 XL(当身体状况良好时从秋季开始治疗),能够将重性抑郁复发的相对风险降低 44%。[77]Modell JG, Rosenthal NE, Harriett AE, et al. Seasonal affective disorder and its prevention by anticipatory treatment with bupropion XL. Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Oct 15;58(8):658-67.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16271314?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
治疗后无抑郁率:有中等质量证据表明,与安慰剂相比,季节性情感障碍患者每天接受 150 -300 mg 预防性丁胺苯丙酮 XL(当身体状况良好时从秋季开始治疗),能够将重性抑郁复发的相对风险降低 44%。[77]Modell JG, Rosenthal NE, Harriett AE, et al. Seasonal affective disorder and its prevention by anticipatory treatment with bupropion XL. Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Oct 15;58(8):658-67.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16271314?tool=bestpractice.com
症状改善(通过症状量表和临床访谈测定):有中等质量证据表明,与使用安慰剂相比,利用 D-氟苯丙胺(15 mg,口服,每日两次)进行 4 周治疗可减少季节性情感障碍患者的症状。[86]O'Rourke D, Wurtman JJ, Wurtman RJ, et al. Treatment of seasonal depression with d-fenfluramine. J Clin Psychiatry. 1989 Sep;50(9):343-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2670915?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状改善(通过症状量表和临床访谈测定):有中等质量证据表明,与使用安慰剂相比,利用 D-氟苯丙胺(15 mg,口服,每日两次)进行 4 周治疗可减少季节性情感障碍患者的症状。[86]O'Rourke D, Wurtman JJ, Wurtman RJ, et al. Treatment of seasonal depression with d-fenfluramine. J Clin Psychiatry. 1989 Sep;50(9):343-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2670915?tool=bestpractice.com
抑郁严重程度:有中等质量证据表明,与单独光疗相比,认知行为疗法 (CBT) 或 CBT 与光疗联合可显著降低复发性季节性抑郁的发生率和严重程度。[74]Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Tierney Lindsey K, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007 Jun;75(3):489-500.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17563165?tool=bestpractice.com[91]Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lacy TJ, et al. Winter depression recurrence one year after cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, or combination treatment. Behav Ther. 2009 Sep;40(3):225-38.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19647524?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
抑郁严重程度:有中等质量证据表明,与单独光疗相比,认知行为疗法 (CBT) 或 CBT 与光疗联合可显著降低复发性季节性抑郁的发生率和严重程度。[74]Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Tierney Lindsey K, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, and their combination for seasonal affective disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007 Jun;75(3):489-500.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17563165?tool=bestpractice.com[91]Rohan KJ, Roecklein KA, Lacy TJ, et al. Winter depression recurrence one year after cognitive-behavioral therapy, light therapy, or combination treatment. Behav Ther. 2009 Sep;40(3):225-38.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19647524?tool=bestpractice.com
症状与社会功能评定量表改善:有低质量证据表明,季节性情感障碍患者服用度洛西汀 8 周后,能够显著改善症状和社会功能,不良反应导致的撤药率为 15.4%。[69]Pjrek E, Willeit M, Praschak-Rieder N, et al: Treatment of seasonal affective disorder with duloxetine: an open-label study. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2008 May;41(3):100-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18484551?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状与社会功能评定量表改善:有低质量证据表明,季节性情感障碍患者服用度洛西汀 8 周后,能够显著改善症状和社会功能,不良反应导致的撤药率为 15.4%。[69]Pjrek E, Willeit M, Praschak-Rieder N, et al: Treatment of seasonal affective disorder with duloxetine: an open-label study. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2008 May;41(3):100-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18484551?tool=bestpractice.com
症状严重程度:有低质量证据表明,与安慰剂相比,季节性情感障碍患者接受为期 3 周的吗氯贝胺治疗后,非典型症状评分显著降低,但在扩展的 Montgomery-Asberg 抑郁评分和临床总体印象方面无显著差异。 不良反应发生率无显著差异。[82]Lingjaerde O, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Haggag A, et al. Treatment of winter depression in Norway. II. A comparison of the selective monoamine oxidase A inhibitor moclobemide and placebo. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993 Nov;88(5):372-80.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8296582?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状严重程度:有低质量证据表明,与安慰剂相比,季节性情感障碍患者接受为期 3 周的吗氯贝胺治疗后,非典型症状评分显著降低,但在扩展的 Montgomery-Asberg 抑郁评分和临床总体印象方面无显著差异。 不良反应发生率无显著差异。[82]Lingjaerde O, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Haggag A, et al. Treatment of winter depression in Norway. II. A comparison of the selective monoamine oxidase A inhibitor moclobemide and placebo. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993 Nov;88(5):372-80.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8296582?tool=bestpractice.com
汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分的降低:有低质量证据表明,每天利用 900 mg 金丝桃素结合 2 小时明亮光线(3000 勒克斯 (lux))或 2 小时微弱光线(< 300 勒克斯 (lux))治疗季节性重性抑郁患者后,汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分显著降低。[83]Martinez B, Kasper S, Ruhrmann S, et al. Hypericum in the treatment of seasonal affective disorders. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1994 Oct;7(suppl 1):S29-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7857504?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分的降低:有低质量证据表明,每天利用 900 mg 金丝桃素结合 2 小时明亮光线(3000 勒克斯 (lux))或 2 小时微弱光线(< 300 勒克斯 (lux))治疗季节性重性抑郁患者后,汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分显著降低。[83]Martinez B, Kasper S, Ruhrmann S, et al. Hypericum in the treatment of seasonal affective disorders. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1994 Oct;7(suppl 1):S29-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7857504?tool=bestpractice.com
症状改善:有低质量证据表明,阿戈美拉汀(一种褪黑激素受体激动剂)可有效治疗季节性情感障碍。 需较大规模的随机对照试验。[84]Pjrek E, Winkler D, Konstantinidis A, et al. Agomelatine in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Mar;190(4):575-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17171557?tool=bestpractice.com[85]Dolder CR, Nelson M, Snider M. Agomelatine treatment of major depressive disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Dec;42(12):1822-31.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19033480?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状改善:有低质量证据表明,阿戈美拉汀(一种褪黑激素受体激动剂)可有效治疗季节性情感障碍。 需较大规模的随机对照试验。[84]Pjrek E, Winkler D, Konstantinidis A, et al. Agomelatine in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Mar;190(4):575-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17171557?tool=bestpractice.com[85]Dolder CR, Nelson M, Snider M. Agomelatine treatment of major depressive disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Dec;42(12):1822-31.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19033480?tool=bestpractice.com
抑郁症状缓解:有低质量证据表明,季节性情感障碍(冬天型)患者冬季如果连服 6 周的瑞波西汀,可能会缓解抑郁症状。[87]Hilger E, Willeit M, Praschak-Rieder N, et al. Reboxetine in seasonal affective disorder: an open trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2001 Feb;11(1):1-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11226806?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
抑郁症状缓解:有低质量证据表明,季节性情感障碍(冬天型)患者冬季如果连服 6 周的瑞波西汀,可能会缓解抑郁症状。[87]Hilger E, Willeit M, Praschak-Rieder N, et al. Reboxetine in seasonal affective disorder: an open trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2001 Feb;11(1):1-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11226806?tool=bestpractice.com
各种症状相关量表改善:有低质量证据表明,与基线水平相比,莫达非尼治疗 8 周后,可显著改进冬季抑郁。[89]Lundt L. Modafinil treatment in patients with seasonal affective disorder/winter depression: an open-label pilot study. J Affect Disord. 2004 Aug;81(2):173-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15306145?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
各种症状相关量表改善:有低质量证据表明,与基线水平相比,莫达非尼治疗 8 周后,可显著改进冬季抑郁。[89]Lundt L. Modafinil treatment in patients with seasonal affective disorder/winter depression: an open-label pilot study. J Affect Disord. 2004 Aug;81(2):173-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15306145?tool=bestpractice.com