在充血性心力衰竭患者中,估计在左心室射血分数低(<45%)的患者中有31%到37%存在中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停,射血分数正常(舒张性心力衰竭)者中多达29%有中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停。[1]American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders: diagnostic and coding manual. 3rd ed. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014.[7]Javaheri S. Sleep disorders in systolic heart failure: a prospective study of 100 male patients. The final report. Int J Cardiol. 2006;106:21-28.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16321661?tool=bestpractice.com
卒中患者中患病率是10%到28%。[1]American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders: diagnostic and coding manual. 3rd ed. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014.[8]Parra O, Arboix A, Bechich S, et al. Time course of sleep-related breathing disorders in first-ever stroke or transient ischemic attack. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:375-380.http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.9903139http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10673174?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Nopmaneejumruslers C, Kaneko Y, Hajek V, et al. Cheyne-Stokes respiration in stroke: relationship to hypocapnia and occult cardiac dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:1048-1052.http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200411-1591OChttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15665317?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Hermann DM, Siccoli M, Kirov P, et al. Central periodic breathing during sleep in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2007;38:1082-1084.http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/38/3/1082.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255543?tool=bestpractice.com
长期使用阿片类药物患者中中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停发生率高达24%。[11]Wang D, Teichtahl H, Drummer OH, et al. Central sleep apnea in stable methadone maintenance treatment patients. Chest. 2005;128:1348-1356.http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=1083736http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16162728?tool=bestpractice.com
到睡眠中心就诊者中不到5%被发现存在不常见的伴或不伴潮式呼吸的特发性或原发性中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停。[2]Eckert DJ, Jordan AS, Merchia P, et al. Central sleep apnea: pathophysiology and treatment. Chest. 2007;131:595-607.http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=1084978http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17296668?tool=bestpractice.com 这些患者多数是中年到老年人,男性比女性更常见。[1]American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders: diagnostic and coding manual. 3rd ed. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014.
大多数人身处海拔 3500 m(11,500 英尺)以上时出现高海拔周期性呼吸,有些人到达海拔 1500 m(约 4900 英尺)以上就会出现周期性呼吸。[3]Latshang TD, Bloch KE, Lynm C, et al. JAMA patient page: Traveling to high altitude when you have sleep apnea. JAMA. 2012;308:2418.http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1484517http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23232901?tool=bestpractice.com 男性比女性更常见。