虽然确切发病率不详,但在美国所有妊娠女性中,大约有 4% 会发生子痫前期。[4]US Preventive Services Task Force; Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Screening for preeclampsia: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2017 Apr 25;317(16):1661-7.http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2620095http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28444286?tool=bestpractice.com 如果将产后发生子痫前期的患者也纳入计算,全球所有妊娠女性的子痫前期发生率为 2% 至 8%。[5]Jeyabalan A. Epidemiology of preeclampsia: impact of obesity. Nutr Rev. 2013 Oct;71(suppl 1):S18-25.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871181/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24147919?tool=bestpractice.com
重度子痫前期和并发症的发生率各不相同。重度子痫前期与疾病和死亡风险增高相关,在发达国家,发生率仅为 0.5%,[6]Tuffnell DJ, Jankowicz D, Lindow SW, et al. Outcomes of severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in Yorkshire 1999/2003. BJOG. 2005 Jul;112(7):875-80.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00565.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15957986?tool=bestpractice.com 但在低收入国家,会升至 1% 以上。[7]Ngwenya S. Severe preeclampsia and eclampsia: incidence, complications, and perinatal outcomes at a low-resource setting, Mpilo Central Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Int J Womens Health. 2017 May 17;9:353-7.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5439934/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28553148?tool=bestpractice.com 类似地,各种并发症(例如子痫)的发生率也有所不同。在发达国家,大约每 10,000 人会有 5-7 例子痫。[8]Osungbade KO, Ige OK. Public health perspectives of preeclampsia in developing countries: implication for health system strengthening. J Pregnancy. 2011;2011:481095.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3087154/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21547090?tool=bestpractice.com 然而,在低收入国家,子痫的发生率明显更高,某些国家估计高达 100 例/10,000 人。[8]Osungbade KO, Ige OK. Public health perspectives of preeclampsia in developing countries: implication for health system strengthening. J Pregnancy. 2011;2011:481095.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3087154/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21547090?tool=bestpractice.com