可以在前列腺癌患者中与抗雄激素药物比卡鲁胺一同服用,预防男性乳房发育症,其效果优于放射治疗且花费更低。[30]Fradet Y, Egerdie B, Andersen M, et al. Tamoxifen as prophylaxis for prevention of gynaecomastia and breast pain associated with bicalutamide 150 mg monotherapy in patients with prostate cancer: a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-response study. Eur Urol. 2007;52:106-114.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17270340?tool=bestpractice.com[35]Perdona S, Autorino R, De Placido S, et al. Efficacy of tamoxifen and radiotherapy for prevention and treatment of gynecomastia and breast pain caused by bicalutamide in prostate cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2005;6:295-300.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15863377?tool=bestpractice.com[31]Viani GA, Bernardes da Silva LG, Stefano EJ. Prevention of gynecomastia and
breast pain caused by androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer: tamoxifen
or radiotherapy? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;83:e519-e524.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704706?tool=bestpractice.com[59]Tunio MA, Al-Asiri M, Al-Amro A, et al. Optimal prophylactic and definitive therapy for bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia: results of a meta-analysis. Curr Oncol. 2012;19:e280-e288.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3410840/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22876157?tool=bestpractice.com[32]Kunath F, Keck B, Antes G, et al. Tamoxifen for the management of breast events induced by non-steroidal antiandrogens in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review. BMC Med. 2012;10:96.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3464149/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22925442?tool=bestpractice.com
用于治疗抗雄激素治疗的前列腺癌患者的男性乳房发育症。[32]Kunath F, Keck B, Antes G, et al. Tamoxifen for the management of breast events induced by non-steroidal antiandrogens in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review. BMC Med. 2012;10:96.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3464149/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22925442?tool=bestpractice.com当抗雄激素治疗启动时,预防性使用他莫昔芬可以减少胸部疼痛和男性乳房发育的患病率,其效果要好于症状发作时才开始服用。但是预防性使用他莫昔芬会令一些根本不会出现症状的患者受到不必要的治疗。[56]Serretta V, Altieri V, Morgia G, et al. A randomized trial comparing tamoxifen therapy vs. tamoxifen prophylaxis in bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2012;10:174-179.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22502790?tool=bestpractice.com使用芳香化酶抑制剂阿那曲唑没有明显效果。[29]Salzstein D, Sieber P, Morris T, et al. Prevention and management of bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia and breast pain: randomized endocrinologic and clinical studies with tamoxifen and anastrozole. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2005;8:75-83.http://www.nature.com/pcan/journal/v8/n1/full/4500782a.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15685254?tool=bestpractice.com预防比卡鲁胺诱导的男性乳房增生和胸部疼痛减轻:有中等质量的证据表明,用作预防或治疗的他莫昔芬而不是阿那曲唑,可以显著减少乳房疼痛和男性乳房发育的发生率。[29]Salzstein D, Sieber P, Morris T, et al. Prevention and management of bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia and breast pain: randomized endocrinologic and clinical studies with tamoxifen and anastrozole. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2005;8:75-83.http://www.nature.com/pcan/journal/v8/n1/full/4500782a.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15685254?tool=bestpractice.com受试者<200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)、受试者>200名且方法学存在缺陷的随机对照临床试验(RCT)、方法学存在缺陷的系统评价或者高质量的观察性(队列)研究。
可能引起潮红发热、头晕、便秘、乏力以及罕见的心脏或神经系统表现;有血栓形成病史的患者应慎用。