幼年特发性关节炎

Davies K, Cleary G, Foster H, et al. BSPAR Standards of Care for children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49:1406-1408.

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Schoels MM, van der Heijde D, Breedveld FC, et al. Blocking the effects of interleukin-6 in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases: systematic literature review and meta-analysis informing a consensus statement. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:583-589.

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1.  Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, et al. International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:390-392.

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3.  Wood PH. Special meeting on: Nomenclature and classification of arthritis in children. In: Munthie E, ed. The care of rheumatic children. Basel: EULAR Bulletin; 1978:47-50.

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5.  Berntson L, Andersson Gare B, Fasth A, et al. Incidence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the Nordic countries. A population based study with special reference to the validity of the ILAR and EULAR criteria. J Rheumatol. 2003;30:2275-2282.

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7.  Graham TB, Glass DN. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: ethnic differences in diagnostic types. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:1677-1679.

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8.  Ravelli A, Martini A. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 2007;369:767-778.

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9.  Prahalad S. Genetics of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: an update. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2004;16:588-594.

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10.  Savolainen A, Säilä H, Kotaniemi K, et al. Magnitude of the genetic component in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59:1001.

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11.  Glass DN, Giannini EH. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis as a complex genetic trait. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:2261-2268.

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12.  Prahalad S, O'Brien E, Fraser AM, et al. Familial aggregation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:4022-4027.

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13.  Moroldo MB, Chaudhari M, Shear E, et al. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis affected sibpairs: extent of clinical phenotype concordance. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:1928-1934.

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14.  Moroldo MB, Tague BL, Shear ES, et al. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in affected sibpairs. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:1962-1966.

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15.  Prahalad S, Fraser AM, O'Brien E, et al. Lack of association between birth order and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:2989-2990.

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16.  Prahalad S, Glass DN. A comprehensive review of the genetics of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatric Rheumatol Online J. 2008;6:11.

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17.  Arvonen M, Virta LJ, Pokka T, et al. Repeated exposure to antibiotics in infancy: a predisposing factor for juvenile idiopathic arthritis or a sign of this group's greater susceptibility to infections? J Rheumatol. 2015;42:521-526.

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18.  Horton DB, Scott FI, Haynes K, et al. Antibiotic exposure and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a case-control study. Pediatrics. 2015;136:e333-e343.

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19.  Jaakkola JJ, Gissler M. Maternal smoking in pregnancy as a determinant of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory polyarthropathies during the first 7 years of life. Int J Epidemiol. 2005;34:664-671.

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20.  Mason T, Rabinovich CE, Fredrickson DD, et al. Breast feeding and the development of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1995;22:1166-1170.

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21.  Rosenberg AM. Evaluation of associations between breast feeding and subsequent development of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1996;23:1080-1082.

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22.  Kasapcopur O, Tasdan Y, Apelyan M, et al. Does breast feeding prevent the development of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? J Rheumatol. 1998;25:2286-2287.

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23.  Forre O, Dobloug JH, Natvig JB. Augmented numbers of HLA-DR-positive T lymphocytes in the synovial fluid and synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: in vivo-activated T lymphocytes are potent stimulators in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Scand J Immunol. 1982;15:227-231.

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24.  Konttinen YT, Bergroth V, Kunnamo I, et al. The value of biopsy in patients with monarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis of recent onset. Arthritis Rheum. 1986;29:47-53.

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25.  Silverman ED, Isacovics B, Petsche D, et al. Synovial fluid cells in juvenile arthritis: evidence of selective T cell migration to inflamed tissue. Clin Exp Immunol. 1993;91:90-95.

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26.  Thompson SD, Luyrink LK, Graham TB, et al. Chemokine receptor CCR4 on CD4+ T cells in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid defines a subset of cells with increased IL-4:IFN-gamma mRNA ratios. J Immunol. 2001;166:6899-6906.

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27.  Wedderburn LR, Robinson N, Patel A, et al. Selective recruitment of polarized T cells expressing CCR5 and CXCR3 to the inflamed joints of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:765-774.

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28.  Wedderburn LR, Woo P. Type 1 and type 2 immune responses in children: their relevance in juvenile arthritis. Springer Semin Immunopathol. 1999;21:361-374.

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29.  Eberhard BA, Laxer RM, Andersson U, et al. Local synthesis of both macrophage and T cell cytokines by synovial fluid cells from children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1994;96:260-266.

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30.  Gattorno M, Facchetti P, Ghiotto F, et al. Synovial fluid T cell clones from oligoarticular juvenile arthritis patients display a prevalent Th1/Th0-type pattern of cytokine secretion irrespective of immunophenotype. Clin Exp Immunol. 1997;109:4-11.

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31.  Murray KJ, Grom AA, Thompson SD, et al. Contrasting cytokine profiles in the synovium of different forms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile spondyloarthropathy: prominence of interleukin 4 in restricted disease. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:1388-1398.

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32.  Ozen S, Tucker LB, Miller LC. Identification of Th subsets in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis confirmed by intracellular cytokine staining. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:1651-1653.

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33.  Prahalad S, Martins TB, Tebo AE, et al. Elevated serum levels of soluble CD154 in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2008;6:8.

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34.  Agarwal S, Misra R, Aggarwal A. Interleukin 17 levels are increased in juvenile idiopathic arthritis synovial fluid and induce synovial fibroblasts to produce proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:515-519.

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35.  Varsani H, Patel A, van Kooyk Y, et al. Synovial dendritic cells in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) express receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK). Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003;42:583-590.

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36.  Lubberts E, Koenders MI, van den Berg WB. The role of T-cell interleukin-17 in conducting destructive arthritis: lessons from animal models. Arthritis Res Ther. 2004;7:29.

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37.  Prahalad S, Ryan MH, Shear ES, et al. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: linkage to HLA demonstrated by allele sharing in affected sibpairs. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:2335-2338.

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38.  Brunner HI, Ivaskova E, Haas JP, et al. Class I associations and frequencies of class II HLA-DRB alleles by RFLP analysis in children with rheumatoid-factor-negative juvenile chronic arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 1993;13:83-88.

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39.  Murray KJ, Moroldo MB, Donnelly P, et al. Age-specific effects of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis-associated HLA alleles. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:1843-1853.

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40.  Rachelefsky GS, Terasaki PI, Katz R, et al. Increased prevalence of W27 in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 1974;290:892-893.

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41.  Forre O, Dobloug JH, Hoyeraal HM, et al. HLA antigens in juvenile arthritis. Genetic basis for the different subtypes. Arthritis Rheum. 1983;26:35-38.

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42.  Moroldo MB, Donnelly P, Saunders J, et al. Transmission disequilibrium as a test of linkage and association between HLA alleles and pauciarticular-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41:1620-1624.

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43.  Ploski R, Vinje O, Ronningen KS, et al. HLA class II alleles and heterogeneity of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. DRB1*0101 may define a novel subset of the disease. Arthritis Rheum. 1993;36:465-472.

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44.  Thomson W, Barrett JH, Donn R, et al. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis classified by the ILAR criteria: HLA associations in UK patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002;41:1183-1189.

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45.  Prahalad S, Shear ES, Thompson SD, et al. Increased prevalence of familial autoimmunity in simplex and multiplex families with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:1851-1856.

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46.  Zeft A, Shear ES, Thompson SD, et al. Familial autoimmunity: maternal parent-of-origin effect in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2008;27:241-244.

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47.  Permin H, Horbov S, Wiik A, et al. Antinuclear antibodies in juvenile chronic arthritis. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1978;67:181-185.

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48.  Shin JI, Kim KH, Chun JK, et al. Prevalence and patterns of anti-nuclear antibodies in Korean children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis according to ILAR criteria. Scand J Rheumatol. 2008;37:348-351.

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49.  Southwood TR, Roberts-Thomson PJ, Ahern MJ, et al. Autoantibodies in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis and their immediate family relatives. Ann Rheum Dis. 1990;49:968-972.

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50.  Graham TB. Imaging in juvenile arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005;17:574-578.

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51.  Collado P, Jousse-Joulin S, Alcade M, et al. Is ultrasound a validated imaging tool for the diagnosis and management of synovitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis? A systematic literature review. Arthritis Care Res. 2012;64:1011-1019.

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52.  Miller E, Uleryk E, Doria AS. Evidence-based outcomes of studies addressing diagnostic accuracy of MRI of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192:1209-1218.

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53.  Magni-Manzoni S, Epis O, Ravelli A, et al. Comparison of clinical versus ultrasound-determined synovitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:1497-1504.

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54.  McKay GM, Cox LA, Long BW. Imaging juvenile idiopathic arthritis: assessing the modalities. Radiol Technol. 2010;81:318-327.

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55.  Davies K, Cleary G, Foster H, et al. BSPAR Standards of Care for children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49:1406-1408.

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56.  Long AR, Rouster-Stevens KA. The role of exercise therapy in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2010;22:213-217.

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57.  Gannotti ME, Nahorniak M, Gorton GE III, et al. Can exercise influence low bone mineral density in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? Pediatr Phys Ther. 2007;19:128-139.

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58.  Takken T, van Brussel M, Engelbert RH, et al. Exercise therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(2):CD005954.

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59.  Coda A, Fowlie PW, Davidson JE, et al. Foot orthoses in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child. 2014;99:649-651.

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60.  Brosseau L, Toupin-April K, Wells G, et al. Ottawa Panel evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for foot care in the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97:1163-1181.e14.

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61.  Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. August 2009. http://www.racgp.org.au/ (last accessed 26 May 2017).

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62.  Hashkes PJ, Laxer RM. Medical treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. JAMA. 2005;294:1671-1684.

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63.  Habib GS, Saliba W, Nashashibi M. Local effects of intra-articular corticosteroids. Clin Rheumatol. 2010;29:347-356.

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64.  Ruperto N, Murray KJ, Gerloni V, et al. A randomized trial of parenteral methotrexate comparing an intermediate dose with a higher dose in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who failed to respond to standard doses of methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:2191-2201.

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65.  Pereira IA, Cruz BA, Xavier RM, et al. National recommendations based on scientific evidence and opinions of experts on the use of methotrexate in rheumatic disorders, especially in rheumatoid arthritis: results of the 3E Initiative from Brazil. Rev Bras Reumatol. 2009;49:346-361.

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66.  Wallace CA, Bleyer WA, Sherry DD, et al. Toxicity and serum levels of methotrexate in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1989;32:677-681.

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67.  Wallace CA, Sherry DD. Preliminary report of higher dose methotrexate treatment in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1992;19:1604-1607.

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68.  Reiff A, Shaham B, Wood BP, et al. High dose methotrexate in the treatment of refractory juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1995;13:113-118.

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69.  Giannini EH, Brewer EJ, Kuzmina N, et al. Methotrexate in resistant juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Results of the U.S.A.-U.S.S.R. double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:1043-1049.

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70.  Hayward K, Wallace CA. Recent developments in anti-rheumatic drugs in pediatrics: treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11:216.

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71.  Giannini EH, Cassidy JT, Brewer EJ, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of advanced drug therapy in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1993;23:34-46.

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72.  Foell D, Wulffraat N, Wedderburn LR, et al. Methotrexate withdrawal at 6 vs 12 months in juvenile idiopathic arthritis in remission: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2010;303:1266-1273.

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73.  Silverman E, Spiegel L, Hawkins D, et al. Long-term open-label preliminary study of the safety and efficacy of leflunomide in patients with polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:554-562.

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74.  Silverman E, Mouy R, Spiegel L, et al. Leflunomide or methotrexate for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1655-1666.

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75.  Carrasco R, Smith JA, Lovell D. Biologic agents for the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Paediatr Drugs. 2004;6:137-146.

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76.  Ilowite NT. Update on biologics in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2008;20:613-618.

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77.  Gartlehner G, Hansen RA, Jonas BL, et al. Biologics for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review and critical analysis of the evidence. Clin Rheumatol. 2008;27:67-76.

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78.  Yokota S, Mori M, Imagawa T, et al. Guidelines on the use of etanercept for juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Japan. Mod Rheumatol. 2010;20:107-113.

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79.  Lovell DJ, Giannini EH, Reiff A, et al. Etanercept in children with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:763-769.

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80.  Horneff G, Foeldvari I, Minden K, et al. Efficacy and safety of etanercept in patients with the enthesitis-related arthritis category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from a phase III randomized, double-blind study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67:2240-2249.

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81.  Lovell DJ, Reiff A, Ilowite NT, et al. Safety and efficacy of up to eight years of continuous etanercept therapy in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:1496-1504.

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82.  Klotsche J, Niewerth M, Haas JP, et al. Long-term safety of etanercept and adalimumab compared to methotrexate in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75:855-861.

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83.  Ruperto N, Lovell DJ, Cuttica R, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of infliximab plus methotrexate for the treatment of polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:3096-3106.

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84.  Lahdenne P, Vahasalo P, Honkanen V. Infliximab or etanercept in the treatment of children with refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis: an open label study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:245-247.

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85.  Sandborn WJ. Optimizing anti-tumor necrosis factor strategies in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2003;5:501-505.

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86.  Lovell DJ, Ruperto N, Goodman S, et al. Adalimumab with or without methotrexate in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:810-820.

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87.  Burgos-Vargas R, Tse SM, Horneff G, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study of adalimumab in pediatric patients with enthesitis-related arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;67:1503-1512.

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88.  Cohen S, Hurd E, Cush J, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with anakinra, a recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, in combination with methotrexate: results of a twenty-four-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:614-624.

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92.  Dückers G, Niehues T. The importance of biologicals in the treatment of SoJIA [in German]. Z Rheumatol. 2010;69:505-515.

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93.  Ruperto N, Brunner HI, Quartier P, et al; PRINTO; PRCSG. Two randomized trials of canakinumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:2396-2406.

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97.  Schoels MM, van der Heijde D, Breedveld FC, et al. Blocking the effects of interleukin-6 in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases: systematic literature review and meta-analysis informing a consensus statement. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:583-589.

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98.  Brunner HI, Ruperto N, Zuber Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from a phase 3, randomised, double-blind withdrawal trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:1110-1117.

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99.  Ruperto N, Lovell DJ, Quartier P, et al. Abatacept in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal trial. Lancet. 2008;372:383-391.

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100.  Ruperto N, Lovell DJ, Quartier P, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of abatacept in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:1792-1802.

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101.  Ruperto N, Lovell DJ, Li T, et al. Abatacept improves health-related quality of life, pain, sleep quality, and daily participation in subjects with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2010;62:1542-1551.

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102.  Ilowite NT, Prather K, Lokhnygina Y, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of rilonacept in the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66:2570-2579.

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104.  Brunner HI, Ruperto N, Tzaribachev N, et al. Subcutaneous golimumab for children with active polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of a multicentre, double-blind, randomised-withdrawal trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 May 15 [Epub ahead of print].

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106.  Bertilsson L, Andersson-Gäre B, Fasth A, et al. Disease course, outcome, and predictors of outcome in a population-based juvenile chronic arthritis cohort followed for 17 years. J Rheumatol. 2013;40:715-724.

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107.  Wallace CA, Giannini EH, Spalding SJ, et al. Clinically inactive disease in a cohort of children with new-onset polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with early aggressive therapy: time to achievement, total duration, and predictors. J Rheumatol. 2014;41:1163-1170.

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111.  Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Best evidence statement (BESt): screening for uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). June 2012. http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/ (last accessed 26 May 2017).

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113.  Thornton J, Ashcroft D, O'Neill T, et al. A systematic review of the effectiveness of strategies for reducing fracture risk in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis with additional data on long-term risk of fracture and cost of disease management. Health Technol Assess. 2008;12:1-208.

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114.  Kahana S, Drotar D, Frazier T. Meta-analysis of psychological interventions to promote adherence to treatment in pediatric chronic health conditions. J Pediatr Psychol. 2008;33:590-611.

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