据报道,40%-60% 的幼年特发性关节炎患者可实现病情缓解或达到疾病静止期。[8]Ravelli A, Martini A. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 2007;369:767-778.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17336654?tool=bestpractice.com[105]Guzman J, Oen K, Tucker LB, et al; ReACCh-Out Investigators. The outcomes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in children managed with contemporary treatments: results from the ReACCh-Out cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:1854-1860.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24842571?tool=bestpractice.com 然而,疾病预后取决于疾病亚型,患儿长期结局的最佳预测指标是随访 5 年时的疾病特征,而非发病时的疾病特征。[106]Bertilsson L, Andersson-Gäre B, Fasth A, et al. Disease course, outcome, and predictors of outcome in a population-based juvenile chronic arthritis cohort followed for 17 years. J Rheumatol. 2013;40:715-724.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23418376?tool=bestpractice.com 总的而言,因为新兴和高效的治疗方式不断出现,过去十年幼年特发性关节炎的结局出现了巨大改善。对于多关节型 JIA 患者,治疗前的病程较短、初始治疗反应良好和积极治疗可使更可能进入临床静止或者临床静止期持续时间更长。[107]Wallace CA, Giannini EH, Spalding SJ, et al. Clinically inactive disease in a cohort of children with new-onset polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with early aggressive therapy: time to achievement, total duration, and predictors. J Rheumatol. 2014;41:1163-1170.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24786928?tool=bestpractice.com 不幸的是,有些患儿接受治疗无效,出现中度至重度残疾。少关节型 JIA 的预后是最好的,功能结局较好,并且有更大比例的患者获得疾病缓解。[108]Prahalad S. Subtype-specific outcomes in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review. Curr Med Lit Rheumatol. 2006;25:1-9. 较大一部分类风湿因子阳性和全身型疾病患者在接受几年治疗后仍有疾病活动。
幼年特发性关节炎相关的葡萄膜炎是最常见的关节外的表现,如果疾病控制不佳,可能导致视力损害。虽然经过恰当的监测和治疗,大多数患者结局良好,但据文献报道,相当大一部分患儿仍然出现并发症,例如青光眼 (22%)、白内障 (58%)、带状角膜病变 (42%) 和失明(15%-30%)。[109]Cassidy JT, Petty RE. Textbook of pediatric rheumatology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2005.