持续性抑郁症是一种常常被漏诊的心境障碍。使用抑郁自评量表(例如,患者健康问卷-9 (PHQ-9)、[24]Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1495268/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11556941?tool=bestpractice.comBeck抑郁量表 (BDI)[25]Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, et al. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561-571.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13688369?tool=bestpractice.com和抑郁症状快速清单(QIDS) 在临床人群中的筛查抑郁可获得最佳结果。[26]Trivedi MH, Rush AJ, Ibrahim HM, et al. The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Clinician Rating (IDS-C) and Self-Report (IDS-SR), and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Clinician Rating (QIDS-C) and Self-Report (QIDS-SR) in public sector patients with mood disorders: a psychometric evaluation. Psychol Med. 2004;34:73-82.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14971628?tool=bestpractice.com
另外,可进行有关患者心境的调查,例如,“您感觉抑郁吗?”。如果出现抑郁,应确定持续时间,尤其要确定是否大于 2 年。