检查 可使用 NAAT 进行非培养性检测，且通常被推荐作为一线检测方法。[26]Workowski KA, Bolan GA. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815?tool=bestpractice.com[49]Bignell C, FitzGerald M. UK national guideline for the management of gonorrhoea in adults, 2011. Int J STD AIDS. 2011 Oct;22(10):541-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998172?tool=bestpractice.com 在美国，公共卫生实验室协会 (the Association of Public Health Laboratories) 和疾病预防控制中心 (the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) 推荐采用 NAAT 检测生殖道淋病感染，针对阳性结果，无需常规重复检测。[50]Association of Public Health Laboratories in cooperation with the Center of Disease Control and Prevention. Expert Consultation Meeting summary report: laboratory diagnostic testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. January 2009 [internet publication].https://www.aphl.org/programs/infectious_disease/std/documents/id_2009jan_ctgclab-guidelines-meeting-report.pdf[48]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae - 2014. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2014;63(RR-02):1-19.http://www.cdc.gov/std/laboratory/2014labrec/2014-lab-rec.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24622331?tool=bestpractice.com
可用于检测尿液、尿道、宫颈和阴道样本。然而，在美国，并未经食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) 批准用于非生殖器部位（咽部和直肠）。各实验室可在非生殖器部位进行 NAAT 检测，但前提条件是，在报告结果之前，实验室必须符合临床实验室改进修正案 (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) 的合规规定。[50]Association of Public Health Laboratories in cooperation with the Center of Disease Control and Prevention. Expert Consultation Meeting summary report: laboratory diagnostic testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. January 2009 [internet publication].https://www.aphl.org/programs/infectious_disease/std/documents/id_2009jan_ctgclab-guidelines-meeting-report.pdf[48]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae - 2014. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2014;63(RR-02):1-19.http://www.cdc.gov/std/laboratory/2014labrec/2014-lab-rec.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24622331?tool=bestpractice.com
检测淋病的最敏感方法，但特异性小于 100%，尤其对咽部和直肠样本检测时。
NAAT 样本可由临床医生/医护人员或者患者（自我采集）进行收集。[26]Workowski KA, Bolan GA. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815?tool=bestpractice.com 现已发现，用于 NAAT 检测的自我采集样本似乎并不劣于临床医生采集的样本，但是应在当地实验室对这一样本采集方法进行验证。[51]Sexton ME, Baker JJ, Nakagawa K, et al. How reliable is self-testing for gonorrhea and chlamydia among men who have sex with men? J Fam Pract. 2013 Feb;62(2):70-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23405376?tool=bestpractice.com[52]Lunny C, Taylor D, Hoang L, et al. Self-collected versus clinician-collected sampling for chlamydia and gonorrhea screening: a systemic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 13;10(7):e0132776.http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0132776http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26168051?tool=bestpractice.com
同样推荐采用 NAAT 检测衣原体感染。[26]Workowski KA, Bolan GA. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815?tool=bestpractice.com
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 样本革兰氏染色后的显微镜下照片显示了急性淋菌性尿道炎的组织病理学表现美国疾病控制与预防中心/ Joe Millar [Citation ends].