这些患者的治疗方式有争议。[44]Bhandari M, Devereaux PJ, Tornetta P 3rd, et al. Operative management of displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. An international survey. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 Sep;87(9):2122-30.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16140828?tool=bestpractice.com
荟萃分析中的证据表明,与内固定相比,关节成形术显著降低手术 1 年后的修正手术风险,不会增加手术 1 年后的发病率风险,但会显著增加感染和失血风险,并增加手术时间。[47]Bhandari M, Devereaux PJ, Swiontkowski MF, et al. Internal fixation compared with arthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck. A meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003 Sep;85-A(9):1673-81.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12954824?tool=bestpractice.com[48]Parker MJ, Gurusamy K. Internal fixation versus arthroplasty for intracapsular proximal femoral fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD001708.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001708.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17054139?tool=bestpractice.com[49]Burgers PT, Van Geene AR, Van den Bekerom MP, et al. Total hip arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures in the healthy elderly: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized trials. Int Orthop. 2012 Aug;36(8):1549-60.http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00264-012-1569-7/fulltext.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22623062?tool=bestpractice.com[50]Liao L, Zhao JM, Su W, et al. A meta-analysis of total hip arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty outcomes for displaced femoral neck fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012 Jul;132(7):1021-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22446696?tool=bestpractice.com[51]Yu L, Wang Y, Chen J. Total hip arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012 Aug;470(8):2235-43.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3392403/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22395872?tool=bestpractice.com并发症和治疗失败:低质量的证据表明,与关节成形术相比,内固定在减少深创伤感染方面可能更有效,可能与罹患移位囊内骨折的老年人的手术创伤较少有关,但在降低主要的方法相关性并发症方面可能不太有效。 内固定可能增加后续修正手术需求。低质量的观察性(队列)研究或者受试者<200名且方法学存在缺陷的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
内固定方法(如多颗螺钉对比动力髋螺钉)尚未确定,植入物选择尚不明确。[52]Parker MJ, Gurusamy KS. Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD001467.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001467/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11687113?tool=bestpractice.com
目前最佳证据表明,全髋关节成形术可能比半关节成形术更能降低疼痛和功能性限制。[54]Keating JF, Grant A, Masson M, et al. Displaced intracapsular hip fractures in fit, older people: a randomised comparison of reduction and fixation, bipolar hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. Health Technol Assess. 2005 Oct;9(41):iii-iv, ix-x, 1-65.https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/hta/hta9410/#/abstracthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16202351?tool=bestpractice.com[55]Parker MJ, Gurusamy K, Azegami S. Arthroplasties (with and without bone cement) for proximal femoral fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jun 16;(6):CD001706.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001706.pub4/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20556753?tool=bestpractice.com[56]Keating JF, Grant A, Masson M, et al. Randomized comparison of reduction and fixation, bipolar hemiarthroplasty, and total hip arthroplasty. Treatment of displaced intracapsular hip fractures in healthy older patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Feb;88(2):249-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16452734?tool=bestpractice.com 然而,其代价可能是全髋关节成形术后的髋脱位风险略微升高。[47]Bhandari M, Devereaux PJ, Swiontkowski MF, et al. Internal fixation compared with arthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck. A meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003 Sep;85-A(9):1673-81.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12954824?tool=bestpractice.com[56]Keating JF, Grant A, Masson M, et al. Randomized comparison of reduction and fixation, bipolar hemiarthroplasty, and total hip arthroplasty. Treatment of displaced intracapsular hip fractures in healthy older patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Feb;88(2):249-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16452734?tool=bestpractice.com