目前尚无针对性预防策略。但应实施肿瘤监测策略，以检测选择性遗传综合征儿童患者的肿瘤发展，因为已知这些患者发展 Wilms 瘤的风险增加。[5]Green DM, Breslow NE, Beckwith JB, et al. Screening of children with hemihypertrophy, aniridia, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in patients with Wilms tumor: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1993;21:188-192.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8095320?tool=bestpractice.com[22]Ward EM, Thun MJ, Hannan LM, et al. Interpreting cancer trends. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1076:29-53.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17119192?tool=bestpractice.com[73]McNeil DE, Brown M, Ching A, et al. Screening for Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma in children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes: a cost-effective model. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2001;37:349-356.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11568898?tool=bestpractice.com应对有 Wilms 瘤家族史的父母提供遗传和出生前咨询。[82]Pakakasama S, Tomlinson GE. Genetic predisposition and screening in pediatric cancer. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2002;49:1393-1413.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12580371?tool=bestpractice.com对于有 Denys-Drash 综合征的患者，可考虑预防性双侧肾切除术，因为这些患者中的绝大多数会发展 Wilms 瘤。[83]Breslow NE, Collins AJ, Ritchey ML, et al. End stage renal disease in patients with Wilms tumor: results from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group and the United States Renal Data System. J Urol. 2005;174:1972-1975.http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=16217371http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16217371?tool=bestpractice.com[84]Breslow NE, Takashima JR, Ritchey ML, et al. Renal failure in the Denys-Drash and Wilms tumor-aniridia syndromes. Cancer Res. 2000;60:4030-4032.http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/60/15/4030http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10945603?tool=bestpractice.com
