应建议孕妇和重度免疫受损患者避免食用任何可能受污染的食物。不应当食用未经清洗及未烹调的蔬菜、生肉或未煮熟的肉(家禽肉、牛肉、猪肉)、剩菜剩饭、软乳酪、未经巴氏法灭菌的牛奶或奶制品。应建议患者重视手部卫生,刀具使用后清洗干净也非常重要。[1]Mylonakis E, Hofmann EL, Calderwood SB. Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1998 Sep;77(5):313-36.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772921?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Mylonakis E, Paliou M, Hofmann EL, et al. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a case series and review of 222 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Jul;81(4):260-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169881?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Filice GA, Cantrell HF, Smith AB, et al. Listeria monocytogenes infection in neonates: investigation of an epidemic. J Infect Dis. 1978 Jul;138(1):17-23.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/98594?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Gorse GJ, Thrupp LD, Nudleman KL, et al. Bacterial meningitis in the elderly. Arch Intern Med. 1984 Aug;144(8):1603-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6466018?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Bolan G, Barza M. Acute bacterial meningitis in children and adults. A perspective. Med Clin North Am. 1985 Mar;69(2):231-41.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3990432?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Listeria (listeriosis): prevention. Aug 2018 [internet publication].https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/prevention.html[19]Berenguer J, Solera J, Diaz MD, et al. Listeriosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Rev Infect Dis. 1991 Jan-Feb;13(1):115-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2017609?tool=bestpractice.com 为了减少特殊族裔人群中的侵袭性疾病,需要给予靶向预防措施,包括食品安全教育和信息。[30]Silk BJ, Date KA, Jackson KA, et al. Invasive listeriosis in the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 2004-2009: further targeted prevention needed for higher-risk groups. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Jun;54 Suppl 5:S396-404.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22572660?tool=bestpractice.com