白癜风是一种常见疾病,累及所有种族和地理区域,全球发病率为 0.5%~2%,美国约为 0.5%。[6]Picardo M, Dell'Anna ML, Ezzedine K, et al. Vitiligo. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015;1:15011.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27189851?tool=bestpractice.com
在有家族史的人群中,发病率增加。 白癜风可发于各年龄段,平均发病年龄20 岁。 男性和女性受累情况相同。 少数成人病例( 10% 至 15% )表现为节段性白癜风。 儿童则为节段性形式更普遍。 若接触黑素细胞毒性化学物质,发生率增加。[3]Dupré A, Christol B. Cockade-like vitiligo and linear vitiligo a variant of fitzpatrick's trichrome vitiligo. Arch Dermatol Res. 1978;262:197-203.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/686830?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Taieb A, Picardo M. Clinical practice: vitiligo. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:160-169.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19129529?tool=bestpractice.com 全球研究也表明,不同种族人群的白癜风易患性具有遗传异质性。[1]Ezzedine K, Lim HW, Suzuki T, et al; Vitiligo Global Issue Consensus Conference Panelists. Revised classification/nomenclature of vitiligo and related issues: the Vitiligo Global Issues Consensus Conference. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2012;25:E1-E13.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3511780/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22417114?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Halder RM, Taliaferro SJ. Vitiligo. In: Wolff K, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, et al., eds. Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2008:616-622.[3]Dupré A, Christol B. Cockade-like vitiligo and linear vitiligo a variant of fitzpatrick's trichrome vitiligo. Arch Dermatol Res. 1978;262:197-203.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/686830?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Ortonne J-P. Vitiligo and other disorders of hypopigmentation. In: Bolognia JL, Jorrizzo JL, Rapini RP, eds. Dermatology. New York, NY: Mosby; 2008:913-938.[7]Taieb A, Picardo M. Clinical practice: vitiligo. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:160-169.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19129529?tool=bestpractice.com