在早期的美国登记[7]Rich S, Dantzker DR, Ayres SM, et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension. A national prospective study. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:216-223.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3605900?tool=bestpractice.com和法国登记[6]Humbert M, Sitbon O, Chaouat A, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in France: results from a national registry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173:1023-1030.http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200510-1668OC#.UnPnTfnxobAhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456139?tool=bestpractice.com数据中,显示女性与男性比分别是 1.7:1 和 1.6:1。育龄妇女患病率较高。更多当代的美国登记数据显示女性有更高的患病率,女性与男性比达到 3.9:1。[8]Badesch DB, Raskob GE, Elliott CG, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: baseline characteristics from the REVEAL Registry. Chest. 2010;137:376-387.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19837821?tool=bestpractice.com激素或其他原因是否是导致性别差异的原因,仍有待阐明。[29]Humbert M, Nunes H, Sitbon O, et al. Risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin Chest Med. 2001;22:459-475.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11590841?tool=bestpractice.com