Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1-133.
Wells SA Jr, Asa SL, Dralle H, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2015 Jun;25(6):567-610.
Francis GL, Waguespack SG, Bauer AJ, et al. Management guidelines for children with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2015 Jul;25(7):716-59.
1. Mevawalla N, McMullen T, Sidhu S, et al. Presentation of clinically solitary thyroid nodules in surgical patients. Thyroid. 2011 Jan;21(1):55-9.
2. Mazzaferri EL. Management of a solitary thyroid nodule. N Engl J Med. 1993 Feb 25;328(8):553-9.
3. Papini E, Guglielmi R, Bianchini A, et al. Risk of malignancy in nonpalpable thyroid nodules: predictive value of ultrasound and color-Doppler features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 May;87(5):1941-6.
4. Nam-Goong IS, Kim HY, Gong G, et al. Ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration of thyroid incidentaloma: correlation with pathological findings. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004 Jan;60(1):21-8.
5. Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1-133.
6. Ito Y, Miyauchi A, Oda H. Low-risk papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid: a review of active surveillance trials. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2018 Mar;44(3):307-15.
7. Brito JP, Ito Y, Miyauchi A, et al. A clinical framework to facilitate risk stratification when considering an active surveillance alternative to immediate biopsy and surgery in papillary microcarcinoma. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):144-9.
8. Miyauchi A. Active surveillance of low-risk papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid: Kuma hospital protocols and its outcomes. Video Endocrinology. 14 September 2016 [internet publication].
9. Trülzsch B, Krohn K, Wonerow P, et al. Detection of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and Gsalpha mutations: in 75 toxic thyroid nodules by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. J Mol Med (Berl). 2001;78(12):684-91.
10. Hundahl SA, Fleming ID, Fremgen AM, et al. A National Cancer Data Base report on 53,856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U.S., 1985-1995. Cancer. 1998 Dec 15;83(12):2638-48.
11. Wells SA Jr, Asa SL, Dralle H, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2015 Jun;25(6):567-610.
12. Waguespack SG, Rich TA, Perrier ND, et al. Management of medullary thyroid carcinoma and MEN2 syndromes in childhood. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011 Aug 23;7(10):596-607.
13. Smallridge RC, Ain KB, Asa SL, et al. American Thyroid Association guidelines for management of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2012 Nov;22(11):1104-39.
14. Pedersen RK, Pedersen NT. Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the thyroid gland: a population based study. Histopathology. 1996 Jan;28(1):25-32.
15. de los Santos ET, Keyhani-Rofagha S, Cunningham JJ, et al. Cystic thyroid nodules: the dilemma of malignant lesions. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Jul;150(7):1422-7.
16. Bhargava P, Parisi M. Infected thyroglossal duct cyst. Pediatr Radiol. 2010 Dec;40 (Suppl 1):S84.
17. Lucaya J, Berdon WE, Enriquez G, et al. Congenital pyriform sinus fistula: a cause of acute left-sided suppurative thyroiditis and neck abscess in children. Pediatr Radiol. 1990;21(1):27-9.
18. Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, et al. The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1995 Jul;43(1):55-68.
19. Rothman IN, Middleton L, Stack BC Jr, et al. Incidence of diffuse FDG uptake in the thyroid of patients with hypothyroidism. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2011 Oct;268(10):1501-4.
20. Wei CH, Harari A. Parathyroid carcinoma: update and guidelines for management. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2012 Mar;13(1):11-23.
21. Dudney WC, Bodenner D, Stack BC Jr. Parathyroid carcinoma. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2010 Apr;43(2):441-53.
22. Fang SH, Lal G. Parathyroid cancer. Endocr Pract. 2011 Mar-Apr;17 (Suppl 1):36-43.
23. Ruda JM, Hollenbeak CS, Stack BC Jr. A systematic review of the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism from 1995 to 2003. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005 Mar;132(3):359-72.
24. Kim TY, Kim WB, Gong G, et al. Metastasis to the thyroid diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Feb;62(2):236-41.
25. Francis GL, Waguespack SG, Bauer AJ, et al. Management guidelines for children with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2015 Jul;25(7):716-59.
26. Gharib H, Papini E, Garber JR, et al.; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules - 2016 update. Endocr Pract. 2016 May;22(5):622-39.
27. Frates MC, Benson CB, Doubilet PM, et al. Prevalence and distribution of carcinoma in patients with solitary and multiple thyroid nodules on sonography. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Sep;91(9):3411-7.
28. McCoy KL, Jabbour N, Ogilvie JB, et al. The incidence of cancer and rate of false-negative cytology in thyroid nodules greater than or equal to 4 cm in size. Surgery. 2007 Dec;142(6):837-44.
29. Englum BR, Pura J, Reed SD, et al. A bedside risk calculator to preoperatively distinguish follicular thyroid carcinoma from follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg. 2015 Dec;39(12):2928-34.
30. Ito Y, Miyauchi A, Oda H, et al. Revisiting low-risk thyroid papillary microcarcinomas resected without observation: was immediate surgery necessary? World J Surg. 2016 Mar;40(3):523-8.
31. Hegedüs L. Clinical practice: the thyroid nodule. N Engl J Med. 2004 Oct 21;351(17):1764-71.
32. Pynnonen MA, Gillespie MB, Roman B, et al. Clinical practice guideline: evaluation of the neck mass in adults. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017 Sep;157(2 Suppl):S1-30.
33. Cases JA, Surks MI. The changing role of scintigraphy in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Semin Nucl Med. 2000 Apr;30(2):81-7.
34. Khalid AN, Hollenbeak CS, Quraishi SA, et al. The cost-effectiveness of iodine 131 scintigraphy, ultrasonography, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the initial diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodules. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006 Mar;132(3):244-50.
35. Hales NW, Krempl GA, Medina JE. Is there a role for fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules? Am J Otolaryngol. 2008 Mar-Apr;29(2):113-8.
36. Razfar A, Branstetter BF 4th, Christopoulos A, et al. Clinical usefulness of positron emission tomography-computed tomography in recurrent thyroid carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Feb;136(2):120-5.
37. Boeckmann J, Bartel T, Siegel E, et al. Can the pathology of a thyroid nodule be determined by positron emission tomography uptake? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012 Jun;146(6):906-12.
38. Polyzos SA, Anastasilakis AD. Clinical complications following thyroid fine-needle biopsy: a systematic review. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009 Aug;71(2):157-65.
39. Gharib H, Papini E. Thyroid nodules: clinical importance, assessment, and treatment. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2007 Sep;36(3):707-35.
40. Cesur M, Corapcioglu D, Bulut S, et al. Comparison of palpation-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy to ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Thyroid. 2006 Jun;16(6):555-61.
41. Theoharis CG, Schofield KM, Hammers L, et al. The Bethesda thyroid fine-needle aspiration classification system: year 1 at an academic institution. Thyroid. 2009 Nov;19(11):1215-23.
42. Jo VY, Stelow EB, Dustin SM, et al. Malignancy risk for fine-needle aspiration of thyroid lesions according to the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Am J Clin Pathol. 2010 Sep;134(3):450-6.
43. Bumpous J, Celestre MD, Pribitkin E, et al. Decision making for diagnosis and management: algorithms from experts for molecular testing. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2014 Aug;47(4):609-23.
44. Alexander EK, Heering JP, Benson CB, et al. Assessment of nondiagnostic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations of thyroid nodules. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Nov;87(11):4924-7.
45. Chehade JM, Silverberg AB, Kim J, et al. Role of repeated fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules with benign cytologic features. Endocr Pract. 2001 Jul-Aug;7(4):237-43.
46. Baloch ZW, Cibas ES, Clark DP, et al. The National Cancer Institute Thyroid fine needle aspiration state of the science conference: a summation. Cytojournal. 2008 Apr 7;5:6.
47. British Thyroid Association. Guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. July 2014 [internet publication].
48. Nikiforov YE, Nikiforova MN. Molecular genetics and diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011 Aug 30;7(10):569-80.
49. Nikiforov YE, Ohori NP, Hodak SP, et al. Impact of mutational testing on the diagnosis and management of patients with cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules: a prospective analysis of 1056 FNA samples. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Nov;96(11):3390-7.
50. Henrichsen TL, Reading CC. Thyroid ultrasonography. Part 2: nodules. Radiol Clin North Am. 2011 May;49(3):417-24.
51. Nguyen GK, Lee MW, Ginsberg J, et al. Fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid: an overview. Cytojournal. 2005 Jun 29;2(1):12.
52. Schneider AB, Sarne DH. Long-term risks for thyroid cancer and other neoplasms after exposure to radiation. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Dec;1(2):82-91.
53. De Nicola H, Szejnfeld J, Logullo AF, et al. Flow pattern and vascular resistive index as predictors of malignancy risk in thyroid follicular neoplasms. J Ultrasound Med. 2005 Jul;24(7):897-904.
55. Takashima S, Morimoto S, Ikezoe J, et al. CT evaluation of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990 May;154(5):1079-85.
56. Thieblemont C, Mayer A, Dumontet C, et al. Primary thyroid lymphoma is a heterogeneous disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jan;87(1):105-11.
57. Pedersen IB, Knudsen N, Perrild H, et al. TSH-receptor antibody measurement for differentiation of hyperthyroidism into Graves' disease and multinodular toxic goitre: a comparison of two competitive binding assays. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001 Sep;55(3):381-90.
58. Huppert BJ, Reading CC. Parathyroid sonography: imaging and intervention. J Clin Ultrasound. 2007 Mar-Apr;35(3):144-55.
使用此内容应接受我们的免责声明。
BMJ临床实践的持续改进离不开您的帮助和反馈。如果您发现任何功能问题和内容错误,或您对BMJ临床实践有任何疑问或建议,请您扫描右侧二维码并根据页面指导填写您的反馈和联系信息*。一旦您的建议在我们核实后被采纳,您将会收到一份小礼品。
如果您有紧急问题需要我们帮助,请您联系我们。
邮箱:bmjchina.support@bmj.com
电话:+86 10 64100686-612
*您的联系信息仅会用于我们与您确认反馈信息和礼品事宜。
BMJ临床实践官方反馈平台