预后与神经损伤的严重程度,以及相关损害直接相关。 如果神经功能障碍是进行性的,可能需要手术干预以达到损害控制。 这可能导致神经功能状况的一些改善。 在已经出现的损伤中,不可能达到神经功能的完全康复,并且结果依赖于残余功能和最大化残余功能康复训练的努力。
脊髓损伤 (SCI) 对整体健康构成了重大挑战,包括出现心理健康问题的风险、继发慢性疾病的高风险、经济无保障和社交孤立。 一项综述显示,社会参与不足可导致出现住院康复后重新融入社会的相关问题。[83]Craig A, Nicholson Perry K, Guest R, et al. Adjustment following chronic spinal cord injury: determining factors that contribute to social participation. Br J Health Psychol. 2015;20:807-823.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26037456?tool=bestpractice.com 预示社会参与不足的几个因素:损伤时年龄较大、医学并发症、认知障碍、控制或自我效能感较差以及社会支持较差。[83]Craig A, Nicholson Perry K, Guest R, et al. Adjustment following chronic spinal cord injury: determining factors that contribute to social participation. Br J Health Psychol. 2015;20:807-823.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26037456?tool=bestpractice.com 社会支持可能改善脊髓损伤患者的健康和功能状况。[84]Müller R, Peter C, Cieza A, et al. The role of social support and social skills in people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review of the literature. Spinal Cord. 2012;50:94-106.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22006079?tool=bestpractice.com 年轻时损伤并且损伤严重程度较低,功能独立性较高的患者恢复工作的比例较高,虽然脊髓损伤后就业率较低。[85]Lidal IB, Huynh TK, Biering-Sørensen F. Return to work following spinal cord injury: a review. Disabil Rehabil. 2007;29:1341-1375.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17729082?tool=bestpractice.com 相较于普通人群,脊髓损伤患者的预期寿命变短。[86]Kennedy P, Sherlock O, McClelland M, et al. A multi-centre study of the community needs of people with spinal cord injuries: the first 18 months. Spinal Cord. 2009;48:15-20.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19528997?tool=bestpractice.com[87]National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Centre. The 2013 annual statistical report for the spinal cord injury model systems. 2013. https://www.nscisc.uab.edu/ (last accessed 30 March 2017).https://www.nscisc.uab.edu/PublicDocuments/reports/pdf/2013%20NSCISC%20Annual%20Statistical%20Report%20Complete%20Public%20Version.pdf[88]Wilson JR, Cadotte DW, Fehlings MG. Clinical predictors of neurological outcome, functional status, and survival after traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012;17:11-26.http://thejns.org/doi/full/10.3171/2012.4.AOSPINE1245http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22985366?tool=bestpractice.com[89]Connolly FR, Aitken LM, Tower M. An integrative review of self-efficacy and patient recovery post acute injury. J Adv Nurs. 2014;70:714-728.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24001198?tool=bestpractice.com