对于合并疾病或手术的患者,需要进行正规的血栓预防。 在一项研究中,只有 38% 的收住康复中心的患者接受了血栓预防。[107]Powell M, Kirschblum S, O'Connor KC. Duplex ultrasound screening for deep vein thrombosis in spinal cord injured patients at rehabilitation admission. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80:1044-1046.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489006?tool=bestpractice.com[108]Merli GJ, Crabbe S, Paluzzi RG, et al. Etiology, incidence, and prevention of deep vein thrombosis in acute spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74:1199-1205.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8239962?tool=bestpractice.com
正常持续时间一般为发病后 3 个月。 如果患者长时间不动,则可通过良好护理、体位定期变化和填充垫料来预防褥疮。 维持物理治疗和使用支架有助于预防挛缩。 有力证据显示鞘内注射巴氯芬对于减轻痉挛状态有效。[109]McIntyre A, Janzen S, Mehta S, et al. Poster 108 A systematic review examining efficacy of intrathecal baclofen on spasticity in individuals greater than six months post-spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2012;93:e45.http://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993%2812%2900740-X/fulltext