CMT是最普遍的遗传性神经病变,每2500人中有1人患该病。[1]Skre H. Genetic and clinical aspects of Charcot-Marie-Tooth's disease. Clin Genet. 1974;6(2):98-118.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4430158?tool=bestpractice.com 所有年龄、性别及种族的人均有可能患该病,且该病在全球范围内的患病率较一致。最常见的 CMT 亚型为 17 号染色体上 PMP22 重复突变导致的 CMT1A,在所有病例中占 50%,且在所有脱髓鞘型病例(CMT1 型)中占 70%,其患病率为每 5000 人中有 1 人患病。[2]Nelis E, Van Broeckhoven C, De Jonghe P, et al. Estimation of the mutation frequencies in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies: a European collaborative study. Eur J Hum Genet. 1996;4(1):25-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8800924?tool=bestpractice.com 第二常见的 CMT 亚型为 GJB1(连接蛋白 32)突变导致的 CMT1X,在所有病例中占 10%,且在脱髓鞘型传导患者(CMT1A 重复突变已排除)中占 20%。最常见的轴突型 CMT(CMT 2 型)亚型为线粒体融合蛋白突变导致的 CMT2A,在 CMT2 患者中,有 20% 到 25% 为 CMT2A。[3]Lawson VH, Graham BV, Flanigan KM. Clinical and electrophysiologic features of CMT2A with mutations in the mitofusin 2 gene. Neurology. 2005 Jul 26;65(2):197-204.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16043786?tool=bestpractice.com 有5%到10%的CMT患者为隐性突变型(CMT4型),但在患者父母为近亲婚配时,有50%患者为该亚型。[4]Dubourg O, Tardieu S, Birouk N, et al. The frequency of 17p11.2 duplication and Connexin 32 mutations in 282 Charcot-Marie-Tooth families in relation to the mode of inheritance and motor nerve conduction velocity. Neuromuscul Disord. 2001 Jul;11(5):458-63.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11404117?tool=bestpractice.com 由于 PMP22 缺失导致的遗传性压力易感性周围神经病 (hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies, HNPP) 的患病率至少为 16/100,000,但该病表现轻微,提示有漏诊。[5]Meretoja P, Silander K, Kalimo H, et al. Epidemiology of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) in south western Finland. Neuromuscul Disord. 1997 Dec;7(8):529-32.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9447611?tool=bestpractice.com 一个研究发现,有6%的CMT患者为HNPP亚型。[6]Saporta AS, Sottile SL, Miller LJ, et al. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease subtypes and genetic testing strategies. Ann Neurol. 2011 Jan;69(1):22-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21280073?tool=bestpractice.com