历史上，最常在外伤情况下研究 ACS 的患病率，已证实占所有一般外伤入院的 1%，占外伤 ICU 入院的 5% 至 15%。[1]De Keulenaer BL, De Waele JJ, Powell B, et al. What is normal intra-abdominal pressure and how is it affected by positioning, body mass and positive end-expiratory pressure? Intensive Care Med. 2009;35:969-976.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242675?tool=bestpractice.com但是，外伤患者中复苏和手术策略的进步显著降低了 ACS 的患病率。[2]Balogh ZJ, Lumsdaine W, Moore EE, et al. Postinjury abdominal compartment syndrome: from recognition to prevention. Lancet. 2014;384:1466-1475.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25390328?tool=bestpractice.com当前，在有已知危险因素的患者中，可在大约 25% ICU 入院中发现腹内高压，将近 3% 有 ACS。[3]Malbrain ML, Chiumello D, Cesana BM, et al. A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis on intra-abdominal hypertension in critically ill patients: the wake-up project. Minerva Anestesiol. 2014;80:293-306.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24603146?tool=bestpractice.com由于存在多器官衰竭和严重的潜在损伤，所以死亡率高，范围为 25% 到 75%。[1]De Keulenaer BL, De Waele JJ, Powell B, et al. What is normal intra-abdominal pressure and how is it affected by positioning, body mass and positive end-expiratory pressure? Intensive Care Med. 2009;35:969-976.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242675?tool=bestpractice.com与升高的腹内压本身相关的死亡率可归因于 ACS。[1]De Keulenaer BL, De Waele JJ, Powell B, et al. What is normal intra-abdominal pressure and how is it affected by positioning, body mass and positive end-expiratory pressure? Intensive Care Med. 2009;35:969-976.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242675?tool=bestpractice.com
