案例
一名42岁吸烟女性于28周临产并分娩,伴数小时严重的腹痛,她在过去的几小时内有阴道出血。查体发现较弱的高频宫缩,胎心率出现频发晚期减速和变异减少。触诊子宫较硬。
其他表现
虽然最常见的症状为腹痛,如果胎盘位于后壁,后背下方痛也可能是主要表现。早产也非常常见,尤其是在重度早剥的情况下。[2]Ananth CV, Lavery JA, Vintzileos AM, et al. Severe placental abruption: clinical definition and associations with maternal complications. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214:272.http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378%2815%2901120-5/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26393335?tool=bestpractice.com隐性早剥时胎盘分离出血,但血并不从阴道流出来而是蓄积在子宫里。不典型的隐性早剥可能表现为胎心不好和DIC。无症状的隐性早剥可能偶尔能通过常规超声发现。这种情况下,子宫部位有明显压痛,触诊时可及较硬的子宫。胎儿宫内生长受限也可能与早剥有关。[2]Ananth CV, Lavery JA, Vintzileos AM, et al. Severe placental abruption: clinical definition and associations with maternal complications. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214:272.http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378%2815%2901120-5/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26393335?tool=bestpractice.com如果早剥伴随有以下任意一种情况则可考虑为重度早剥:死胎、不安全的胎儿宫内状态、早产(不论孕产妇的症状严重程度如何)、胎儿宫内生长受限、弥散性血管内凝血功能障碍、孕产妇死亡、肾衰、低血容量休克或需要输血或子宫切除。[2]Ananth CV, Lavery JA, Vintzileos AM, et al. Severe placental abruption: clinical definition and associations with maternal complications. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214:272.http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378%2815%2901120-5/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26393335?tool=bestpractice.com