大约每 2500 至 4500 例新生儿中就会有一例患病,通常女婴发病率略高。大部分婴儿都是 C 型,占所有病例的 85%-90%。由于存在近端盲袋,往往在出生后即刻或出生后较短时间内即可诊断。第二常见的类型是单纯闭锁(A 型),占所有病例的 4%-7%。D 型占 3%。更罕见的类型是 H 型瘘(E 型),大约占 2%-3%。这种类型的瘘往往在以后才会被诊断出。B 型只有 1% 的发生率。[3]Jolley SG. A longitudinal study of children treated with the most common form of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. J Pediatr Surg. 2007 Sep;42(9):1632-3.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848264?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Manning PB, Morgan RA, Coran AG, et al. Fifty years' experience with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. Ann Surg. 1986 Oct;204(4):446-53.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3767480?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Engum SA, Grosfeld JL, West KA, et al. Analysis of morbidity and mortality in 227 cases of esophageal atresia and/or tracheoesophageal fistula over two decades. Arch Surg. 1995 May;130(5):502-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7748088?tool=bestpractice.com